Chapter 19, Problem 79AE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The first five linear structures for the carboxylic acids has to be drawn from the carboxylic acid with a single carbon to the carboxylic acids with five carbons and also the IUPAC name, common name has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acids:

Carboxylic acids are hydrocarbon derivatives that contains the carboxyl functional group bonded to the alkyl groups. The general formula of carboxylic acids is drawn here:

The common names for the carboxylic acids are derived from the natural sources of acids. Therefore, these names are not systematic in deed like IUPAC rules.

IUPAC rules for naming carboxylic acids:

• Identify the parent carbon chain in the given compound must contain the carboxyl functional group at the end. If two or more chains have the same carbon lengths, choose the chain with a greater number of substituents bonded to it.
• The carboxylic acid IUPAC name is derived from the respective alkane. Thus, the parent compound name is devised by replacing the $\text{-}e$ ending of the alkane to $\text{-}oicacid$.
• The parent carbon chain is always numbered from the carboxyl group end.
• Identify and name the alkyl groups including their positions on the parent carbon chain.
• If the parent carbon chain contains two or more same kinds of alkyl groups, indicate this repetition by a numerical multiplier ($di\text{-}$, $tri\text{-}$ and so on) used before the alkyl-group name. The numbers for alkyl group positions are separated by a comma and the alkyl-group name and the position number is separated by a hyphen.
• If the parent carbon chain contains several different alkyl groups, arrange them in alphabetical order (do not consider numerical multipliers). Write all alkyl group names that include their locants in front of the parent compound’s name.