Chapter 18, Problem 18.22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The distribution of oxygen-18 in the products obtained from hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate labeled in the ethoxy oxygen in aqueous sodium hydroxide has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as $NaOH$ or $KOH$ is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The distribution of oxygen-18 in the products obtained from hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate labeled in the ethoxy oxygen in aqueous sodium hydroxide has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as $NaOH$ or $KOH$ is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalysed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The distribution of oxygen-18 in the products obtained from hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate labeled in the ethoxy oxygen in the reaction of tert-butyl ester in $HCl$ has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as $NaOH$ or $KOH$ is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalysed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.