The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of meprobamate has to be given. Concept introduction: Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base. Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as N a O H or K O H is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H 2 SO 4 , ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

Question

(c) The following data have been obtained for the hydrolysis of sucrose, C12H22O11, to glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose C6H12O6, in acidic solution: C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 [sucrose]/mol dm³ t/min 0 0.316 14 0.300 39 0.274 60 0.256 80 0.238 110 0.211 (i) Graphically prove the order of the reaction and determine the rate constant of the reaction. (ii) Determine the half-life, t½ for the hydrolysis of sucrose.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of meprobamate has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of phenobarbital has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of pentobarbital has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

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(c) The following data have been obtained for the hydrolysis of sucrose, C12H22O11, to glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose C6H12O6, in acidic solution: C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 [sucrose]/mol dm³ t/min 0 0.316 14 0.300 39 0.274 60 0.256 80 0.238 110 0.211 (i) Graphically prove the order of the reaction and determine the rate constant of the reaction. (ii) Determine the half-life, t½ for the hydrolysis of sucrose.

(III) adsorbent (b) Adsorption of the hexacyanoferrate (III) ion, [Fe(CN)6] ³, on y-Al2O3 from aqueous solution was examined. The adsorption was modelled using a modified Langmuir isotherm, yielding the following values of Kat pH = 6.5: (ii) T/K 10-10 K 280 2.505 295 1.819 310 1.364 325 1.050 Determine the enthalpy of adsorption, AadsHⓇ. If the reported value of entropy of adsorption, Aads Se = 146 J K-1 mol-1 under the above conditions, determine Aads Gº.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of meprobamate has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of phenobarbital has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of pentobarbital has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of meprobamate has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of phenobarbital has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the product of complete hydrolysis of pentobarbital has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.

Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as NaOH or KOH is known as saponification. Ester reacts with hydroxide ion forming carboxylic acid which again reacts with base resulting in the formation of a caboxylate anion.

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as H2SO4, ester reacts with water to form the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. It is the reverse of esterification.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction