
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Product formed when ethyl benzoate reacts with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.
Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of product transformation is shown below.
The ethyl benzoate (A) is reacted with sodium hydroxide in presence of basic conditions which corresponding yields the product (B). In this reaction addition and elimination process was occurred.
(b)
Interpretation:
Product formed when ethyl benzoate reacts with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.
Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of product transformation is shown below.
The ethyl benzoate (A) is undergoes for simple acid catalyzed hydrolysis, followed by heating to give a target compound (B), which is a benzoic acid.
(c)
Interpretation:
Product formed when ethyl benzoate reacts with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Amide: One
Amide Formation: Amide is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an
- Primary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia.
- Secondary and tertiary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with primary and secondary amine respectively.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of product transformation is shown below.
The ethyl benzoate (A) is reacted with n-butylamine in presence of basic conditions which corresponding yields the product (B).
(d)
Interpretation:
Product formed when ethyl benzoate reacts with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH): It is prepared by refluxing triisobutylaluminium in the solvent heptane.
DIBAL-H: is a strong reducing reagent most
DIBAL-H is a selective reagent (like,
(d)

Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of product transformation is shown below.
The equal amount of ethyl benzoate (A) is reacted with Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH) under dry ice conditions at
(e)
Interpretation:
Product formed when ethyl benzoate reacts with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like
LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.
(e)

Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of product transformation is shown below.
The ethyl benzoate (A) undergoes for LAH reduction process followed by simple hydrolysis workup method to give a target product (B). The obtained product namely benzyl alcohol.
(f)
Interpretation:
Product formed when ethyl benzoate reacts with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides (
Synthesis of Grignard reagent is shown below,
Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of
(f)

Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of product transformation is shown below.
Two equivalents of Grignard reagent (A) is reacted with hydrogen chloride and fallowed by hydrolysis workup method, which corresponding yields the triphenyl methanol (B) it is a target molecule.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1 1. PPh3 2. n-BuLi 3 2 • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardWhat is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? N N H3O+ +R + • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. fmarrow_forwardThe product on the right-hand side of this reaction can be prepared from two organic reactants, under the conditions shown above and below the arrow. Draw 1 and 2 below, in any arrangement you like. 1+2 NaBH3CN H+ N Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 5arrow_forward
- Assign this HSQC Spectrum ( please editing clearly on the image)arrow_forward(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³arrow_forwardfcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transferarrow_forward
- 34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10arrow_forwardelow are experimentally determined van Deemter plots of column efficiency, H, vs. flow rate. H is a quantitative measurement of band broadening. The left plot is for a liquid chromatography application and the night is for gas chromatography. Compare and contrast these two plots in terms of the three band broadening mechanisms presented in this activity. How are they similar? How do they differ? Justify your answers.? 0.4 H (mm) 0.2 0.1- 0.3- 0 0.5 H (mm) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0- 3.0 T +++ 1.0 1.5 0 2.0 4.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s) 6.0 8.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s)arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: + H ZH NaBH3CN H+ n. ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forward
- What is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? + R H3O+ + • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardWhat would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1 1. PPh3 2. n-BuLi 2 • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardThe product on the right-hand side of this reaction can be prepared from two organic reactants, under the conditions shown above and below the arrow. Draw 1 and 2 below, in any arrangement you like. 1+2 NaBH₂CN H+ N Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X $arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning

