Chapter 18, Problem 18.163EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The polysaccharides amylopectin, amylose, cellulose, chitin, glycogen, heparin and hyaluronic acid have to be matched with the given glycosidic linkage characterization.

Concept introduction: Glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins one carbohydrate to another carbohydrate leading to the formation of disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 18.163EP

In the polysaccharides amylose, cellulose, chitin and heparin, all the glycosidic linkages are same.

Explanation of Solution

Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkage present in amylose is $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkages present in amylopectin are $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to 6\right)$ linkage.

Cellulose provides the structural component of plant cell walls. Theglycosidic linkage present incellulose is $\text{β}\left(\text{1}\to 4\right)$ linkage.

Chitin is an unbranchedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. The glycosidic linkage present in chitin is $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Heparin is a type of acidic polysaccharide. It contains the repeating unit of disaccharides. The glycosidic linkage present in heparin is $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Hyaluronic acid is a type acidic polysaccharide that is, it has disaccharide as the repeating unit. The glycosidic linkages present in hyaluronic acid are $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\beta \left(\text{1}\to 3\right)$ linkages.

Glycogen is a starch polysaccharide. It stores glucose in human body and animals. The glycosidic linkage present in glycogen are both $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to 6\right)$ linkages.

Hence, the polysaccharides amylose, chitin, cellulose and heparin have all the same glycosidic linkages.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The polysaccharides amylopectin, amylose, cellulose, chitin, glycogen, heparin and hyaluronic acid have to be matched with the given glycosidic linkage characterization.

Concept introduction: Glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins one carbohydrate to another carbohydrate leading to the formation of disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 18.163EP

In the polysaccharides amylopectin and glycogen, some but not all of the linkages are $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$.

Explanation of Solution

Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkage present in amylose is $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkages present in amylopectin are $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to 6\right)$ linkage.

Cellulose provides the structural component of plant cell walls. The glycosidic linkage present in cellulose is $\text{β}\left(\text{1}\to 4\right)$ linkage.

Chitin is an unbranchedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. The glycosidic linkage present in chitin is $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Heparin is a type of acidic polysaccharide. It contains the repeating unit of disaccharides. The glycosidic linkage present in heparin is $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Hyaluronic acid is a type acidic polysaccharide that is, it has disaccharide as the repeating unit. The glycosidic linkages present in hyaluronic acid are $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\beta \left(\text{1}\to 3\right)$ linkages.

Glycogen is a starch polysaccharide. It stores glucose in human body and animals. The glycosidic linkage present in glycogen are both $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to 6\right)$ linkages.

Hence, the polysaccharides amylopectin and glycogen have some but not all the linkages as $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The polysaccharides amylopectin, amylose, cellulose, chitin, glycogen, heparin and hyaluronic acid have to be matched with the given glycosidic linkage characterization.

Concept introduction: Glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins one carbohydrate to another carbohydrate leading to the formation of disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 18.163EP

In the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid, both $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\beta \left(\text{1}\to 3\right)$ glycosidiclinkages are present.

Explanation of Solution

Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkage present in amylose is $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkages present in amylopectin are $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to 6\right)$ linkage.

Cellulose provides the structural component of plant cell walls. The glycosidic linkage present in cellulose is $\text{β}\left(\text{1}\to 4\right)$ linkage.

Chitin is an unbranchedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. The glycosidic linkage present in chitin is $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Heparin is a type of acidic polysaccharide. It contains the repeating unit of disaccharides. The glycosidic linkage present in heparin is $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Hyaluronic acid is a type acidic polysaccharide that is, it has disaccharide as the repeating unit. The glycosidic linkages present in hyaluronic acid are $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\beta \left(\text{1}\to 3\right)$ linkages.

Glycogen is a starch polysaccharide. It stores glucose in human body and animals. The glycosidic linkage present in glycogen are both $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to 6\right)$ linkages.

Hence, the polysaccharidehyaluronic acid have both $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\beta \left(\text{1}\to 3\right)$ glycosidic linkages.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The polysaccharides amylopectin, amylose, cellulose, chitin, glycogen, heparin and hyaluronic acid have to be matched with the given glycosidic linkage characterization.

Concept introduction: Glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins one carbohydrate to another carbohydrate leading to the formation of disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Answer to Problem 18.163EP

In the polysaccharides heparin and amylose, all the glycosidic linkages are $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Explanation of Solution

Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkage present in amylose is $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide of starch. The glycosidic linkages present in amylopectin are $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to 6\right)$ linkage.

Cellulose provides the structural component of plant cell walls. The glycosidic linkage present in cellulose is $\text{β}\left(\text{1}\to 4\right)$ linkage.

Chitin is an unbranchedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine polysaccharide. The glycosidic linkage present in chitin is $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Heparin is a type of acidic polysaccharide. It contains the repeating unit of disaccharides. The glycosidic linkage present in heparin is $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ linkage.

Hyaluronic acid is a type acidic polysaccharide that is, it has disaccharide as the repeating unit. The glycosidic linkages present in hyaluronic acid are $\beta \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\beta \left(\text{1}\to 3\right)$ linkages.

Glycogen is a starch polysaccharide. It stores glucose in human body and animals. The glycosidic linkage present in glycogen are both $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ and $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to 6\right)$ linkages.

Hence, the polysaccharides amylose and heparin have all the $\alpha \left(\text{1}\to \text{4}\right)$ glycosidic linkages.