(a) Interpretation: The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C − H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn. Concept introduction: A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1 ° , 2 ° or 3 ° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Draw the anti-Markovnikov product of the hydration of this alkene. this problem. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for esc esc ☐ Explanation Check F1 1 2 F2 # 3 F3 + $ 14 × 1. BH THE BH3 2. H O NaOH '2 2' Click and drag to start drawing a structure. F4 Q W E R A S D % 905 LL F5 F6 F7 © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility < & 6 7 27 8 T Y U G H I F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 9 0 J K L P + // command option Z X C V B N M H H rol option command

AG/F-2° V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: -0.93 +0.38 -0.50 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3 Acidic solution Basic solution -0.28 -0.50 3--1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH P 0.0 -0.5 -1.0- -1.5- -2.0 H.PO, -2.3+ -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 2 H,PO, b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) H,PO 4 S Oxidation stale, N

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 14

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Answer 17

Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.2P Ch. 15 - Draw the product formed when a chlorine atom (Cl)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.5P Ch. 15 - Problem 15.6 Using mechanism 15.1 as guide, write...Ch. 15 - Calculate m0 for the two propagation steps in the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.8P Ch. 15 - Problem 15.8 Which bond in the each compound is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that a free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond.

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