(a) Interpretation: The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C − H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn. Concept introduction: A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1 ° , 2 ° or 3 ° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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3. Why did breaking the P-C single bond lead to the formation of 2 species containing a free radical (ie. where did those 2 electrons come from)? 4. Do you think the photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone would require a shorter or longer wavelength of light to create a free radical? Explain your answer using the table provided in question #2 (be specific). The structure of 2-hydroxy-2- methylpropiophenone is shown below. CH3 Figure 5: Structure of 2-hydroxy-2- methylpropiophenone. The wavy line shows OH the bond that is photo-sensitive (ie. the bond that will be broken by light). (Taken from Tehfe et al. 2013, http://www.mdpi.com/2076- 3417/3/2/490/htm) ČH3 5. Why is the PEGDA monomer soluble in water, but the polymer is not? In other words, why do you think forming a large molecule would lead to the formation of a solid? (Hint: think about the movement of molecules in a liquid vs solid phase). 6. Thinking about the octet rule, why do you think many free radicals are very…

The term free radical can be applied to: O any molecule or ion that doesn't conform to standards. any molecule or ion with an odd number of electrons. O any molecule or ion that is not bonded to anything else. O any molecule or ion that has a charged transition metal.

Which of the following statements about carbon radicals is not true?A) Carbon radicals are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.B) A carbon radical is sp2 hybridized.C) The geometry of a carbon radical is trigonal planar.D) The unhybridized p orbital in a carbon radical contains the unpaired electron.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. As number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical also increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most stable radical that can result from cleavage of C−H bond in the given molecule is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond. Free radicals are classified as 1°, 2° or 3° depending upon the number of alkyl groups attached to it. The number of alkyl substitutents increases, the stability of radical increases. This is due to the fact alkyl substituents donate their electrons to electron deficient radicals.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 17

Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.2P Ch. 15 - Draw the product formed when a chlorine atom (Cl)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.5P Ch. 15 - Problem 15.6 Using mechanism 15.1 as guide, write...Ch. 15 - Calculate m0 for the two propagation steps in the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.8P Ch. 15 - Problem 15.8 Which bond in the each compound is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that a free radical is an atom or ion with unpaired electrons. They are reactive intermediates formed by the homolysis of covalent bond.

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