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Interpretation:
The reason for the precipitation-hardened alloys to be suitable only for low-temperature applications needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The precipitation hardening comprises of the phenomenon of supersaturation. On maturing for extended times or at elevated temperatures, the solution becomes unbalanced as its diffusivity upsurges manifold.
The dispersion happens over actual brief distances to recompense for the upsurge in the diffusivity. The heavy force of this phenomenon is the supersaturation triggered due to variations in solubility stages when aged for an extended time or at elevated temperatures.
Subsequently, the nucleation of the precipitate stage trailed by its development occurs which is governed by dissimilar diffusion rates at various situations.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition
- Steam flows steadily through a turbine at a rate of 45,000 lbm/h, entering at 1000 psia and 900°F and leaving at 5 psia as saturated vapor. If the power generated by the turbine is 4.1 MW, determine the rate of heat loss from the steam. The enthalpies are h1 = 1448.6 Btu/lbm and h2 = 1130.7 Btu/lbm. The rate of heat loss from the steam is Btu/s.arrow_forwarda. A silicon sample maintained at room temperature is uniformly doped with ND=10¹6/cm³ donors. Calculate the resistivity of the sample. b. The silicon sample of part (a) is "compensated" by adding NA=1016/cm³ acceptors. Calculate the resistivity of the compensated sample. c. Compute the resistivity of intrinsic silicon at room temperature. d. A 500 resistor is to be made from a bar-shaped piece of n-type Si. The bar has a cross sectional area of 102 cm² and a current-carrying length of 1 cm. Determine the doping required. μn or μp (cm²/V-sec) 1000 Electrons Holes NA or ND (cm³) 1x1014 Мет Mp (cm2V-sec) 1358 461 2 1357 460 100 5 1352 459 1 x 1015 1345 458 2 1332 455 5 1298 448 1 x 1016.... 1248 437 2 1165 419 5 986 378 1 x 1017 801 331 10 1014 1015 1016 NA or ND (cm-³) 1017 1018 Silicon T = 300 Karrow_forwardThe A/D converter wit the specifications listed below is planned to be used in an environment in which the A/D converter temperature may change by ± 10 °C. Estimate the contributions of conversion and quantization errors to the uncertainty in the digital representation of an analog voltage by the converter. FSO N Linearity error Temperature drift error Analog to Digital (A/D) Converter 0-10 V 12 bits ± 3 bits 1 bit/5 °Carrow_forward
- 6-13. A smooth tube in the form of a circle of radius r rotates in its vertical plane with a constant angular velocity w. The position of a particle of mass m that slides inside the tube is given by the relative coordinate p. Find the differential equation for . e О E g ω Figure P6-13arrow_forward4. Two different silicon samples maintained at 300K are characterized by the energy band diagrams. Answer the questions that follow after choosing a specific diagram for analysis. a) Do equilibrium conditions prebail? How do you know? b) Sketch the electrostatic potential (V) inside the semiconductor as a function of x. c) Sketch the electric field (ε) inside the semiconductor as a function of x. EF Ec E₁ Ev E₁ EF Ev X X 0 L/2 L 0 L/2 L 3.arrow_forwardProblem 2 Consider the power drawn by a resistance load in a DC circuit. The power is calculated as P = VI or P = 1²R. It is given that the normalized uncertainty or % percentage uncertainty in measurements of I, R, and V are the same. Find the uncertainty in P using the two different expressions for power. Is the uncertainty using the two methods the same? If not, WHY, explain?arrow_forward
- Study the Capital One Breach article via the following link: https://www.darkreading.com/cloud-security/capital-one-breach-conviction-exposes-scale-of-cloud-entitlement-riskDiscuss (a) the breach, (b) what and who was affected, and (c) provide at least three outcomes, using references from the article, what you learned on cloud network architecture critical to your personal information.arrow_forwardSee BOTH images to answer correctly thxarrow_forwardA piston–cylinder device contains 3 kg of nitrogen initially at 100 kPa and 25°C. Nitrogen is now compressed slowly in a polytropic process during which PV1.3 = constant until the volume is reduced by one-half. Determine the work done and the heat transfer for this process. The gas constant of N2 is R = 0.2968 kPa·m3/kg·K. The cv value of N2 at the anticipated average temperature of 350 K is 0.744 kJ/kg·K (Table A-2b). The work done for this process is kJ. The heat transfer for this process is kJ.arrow_forward
- I tried solving this one but I have no idea where I went wrong can you please help me out with this?arrow_forwarda. An average hole drift velocity of 103 cm/sec results when 2V is applied across a 1 cm long semiconductor bar. What is the hole mobility inside the bar? b. Name the two dominant carrier scattering mechanisms in nondegeneratedly doped semiconductors of device quality. c. For a give semiconductor the carrier mobilities in intrinsic material are (choose one: higher than, lower than, the same as) those in heavily doped material. Briefly explain why the mobilites in intrinsic material are (chosen answer) those in heavily doped material.arrow_forwardDuring a picnic on a hot summer day, all the cold drinks disappear quickly, and the only available drinks are those at the ambient temperature of 85°F. In an effort to cool a 12- fluid-oz drink in a can, a person grabs the can and starts shaking it in the iced water of the chest at 32°F. Using the properties of water for the drink, determine the mass of ice that will melt by the time the canned drink cools to 37°F. The density and specific heat of water at the average temperature of (85+37)/2 = 61ºF are ρ = 62.3 lbm/ft3 and cp = 1.0 Btu/lbmºF (Table A-3E). The heat of fusion of water is 143.5 Btu/lbm. The mass of ice that will melt by the time the canned drink cools to 37°F is lbm.arrow_forward
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