
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Niacin is needed or not for the proper functioning of the ETC has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule. There are four complexes associated with the electron transport chain that is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The four complexes that help in the electron transfer in the electron transport chain are:
Complex I: NADH-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex II: Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex III: Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase.
Complex IV: Cytochrome c oxidase.
An overview of the electron transport chain is as follows:
The B-vitamins consist of a group of vitamins that are water soluble and acts as precursors for enzyme cofactors.
(b)
Interpretation:
Biotin is needed or not for the proper functioning of the ETC has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule. There are four complexes associated with the electron transport chain that is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The four complexes that help in the electron transfer in the electron transport chain are:
Complex I: NADH-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex II: Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex III: Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase.
Complex IV: Cytochrome c oxidase.
An overview of the electron transport chain is as follows:
The B-vitamins consist of a group of vitamins that are water soluble and acts as precursors for enzyme cofactors.
(c)
Interpretation:
Pantothenic acid is needed or not for the proper functioning of the ETC has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule. There are four complexes associated with the electron transport chain that is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The four complexes that help in the electron transfer in the electron transport chain are:
Complex I: NADH-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex II: Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex III: Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase.
Complex IV: Cytochrome c oxidase.
An overview of the electron transport chain is as follows:
The B-vitamins consist of a group of vitamins that are water soluble and acts as precursors for enzyme cofactors.
(d)
Interpretation:
Vitamin B6 is needed or not for the proper functioning of the ETC has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule. There are four complexes associated with the electron transport chain that is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The four complexes that help in the electron transfer in the electron transport chain are:
Complex I: NADH-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex II: Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex III: Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase.
Complex IV: Cytochrome c oxidase.
An overview of the electron transport chain is as follows:
The B-vitamins consist of a group of vitamins that are water soluble and acts as precursors for enzyme cofactors.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 12 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Indicate the product formed in each reaction. If the product exhibits tautomerism, draw the tautomeric structure. a) о + CH3-NH-NH2 CO2C2H5 b) + CoH5-NH-NH2 OC2H5arrow_forwardIndicate the formula of the compound, that is the result of the N- alquilación (nucleofílic substitution), in which an additional lateral chain was formed (NH-CH2-COOMe). F3C. CF3 NH NH2 Br о OMe K2CO3, DABCO, DMFarrow_forwardSynthesis of 1-metilbenzotriazole from 1,2-diaminobenceno.arrow_forward
- Synthesis of 1-metilbenzotriazole.arrow_forwardIndicate the formula of the compound, that is the result of the N- alquilación (nucleofílic substitution), in which an additional lateral chain was formed (NH-CH2-COOMe). F3C. CF3 NH NH2 Br о OMe K2CO3, DABCO, DMFarrow_forwardIdentify the mechanism through which the following reaction will proceed and draw the major product. Part 1 of 2 Br KOH EtOH Through which mechanism will the reaction proceed? Select the single best answer. E1 E2 neither Part: 1/2 Part 2 of 2 Draw the major product formed as a result of the reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forward
- What is single-point calibration? Provide an example.arrow_forwardDraw the major product formed via an E1 pathway.arrow_forwardPart 9 of 9 Consider the products for the reaction. Identify the major and minor products. HO Cl The E stereoisomer is the major product and the Z stereoisomer is the minor product ▼ S major product minor productarrow_forward
- Consider the reactants below. Answer the following questions about the reaction mechanism and products. HO Clarrow_forwardjulietteyep@gmail.com X YSCU Grades for Juliette L Turner: Orc X 199 A ALEKS - Juliette Turner - Modul X A ALEKS - Juliette Turner - Modul x G butane newman projection - Gox + www-awa.aleks.com/alekscgi/x/Isl.exe/10_u-IgNslkr7j8P3jH-IBxzaplnN4HsoQggFsejpgqKoyrQrB2dKVAN-BcZvcye0LYa6eXZ8d4vVr8Nc1GZqko5mtw-d1MkNcNzzwZsLf2Tu9_V817y?10Bw7QYjlb il Scribbr citation APA SCU email Student Portal | Main Ryker-Learning WCU-PHARM D MySCU YSCU Canvas- SCU Module 4: Homework (Ch 9-10) Question 28 of 30 (1 point) | Question Attempt: 1 of Unlimited H₂SO heat OH The mechanism of this reaction involves two carbocation intermediates, A and B. Part 1 of 2 KHSO 4 rearrangement A heat B H₂O 2 OH Draw the structure of A. Check Search #t m Save For Later Juliet Submit Assignm 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessarrow_forwardThe electrons flow from the electron-rich atoms of the nucleophile to the electrons poor atoms of the alkyl halide. Identify the electron rich in the nucleophile. Enter the element symbol only, do not include any changes.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry In FocusChemistryISBN:9781305084476Author:Tro, Nivaldo J., Neu, Don.Publisher:Cengage Learning





