To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain. Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and P i . The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain. NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone . Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 12, Problem 12.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex II when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex III when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex IV when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

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bre The reaction sequence shown in Scheme 5 demonstrates the synthesis of a substituted benzene derivative Q. wolsd works 2 NH2 NaNO2, HCI (apexe) 13× (1 HNO3, H2SO4 C6H5CIN2 0°C HOTE CHINO₂ N O *O₂H ( PO Q Я Scheme 5 2 bag abouoqmics to sounde odi WEIC (i) Draw the structure of intermediate O. [2 marks] to noitsmot od: tot meinedogm, noit so oft listsb ni zaupaib bas wa (ii) Draw the mechanism for the transformation of aniline N to intermediate O. Spoilage (b) [6 marks] (iii) Identify the reagent X used to convert compound O to the iodinated compound [tom E P. vueimado oilovonsa ni moitos nolisbnolov ayd toes ai tedw nisiqx (iv) Identify the possible structures of compound Q. [2 marks] [2 marks] [shom 2] (v) bus noires goiribbeolovo xnivollot adj to subora sidab Draw the mechanism for the transformation of intermediate P to compound Q. [5 marks] vi (vi) Account for the regiochemical outcome observed in the reaction forming compound Q. [3 marks]

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 12, Problem 12.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex II when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex III when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex IV when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 12, Problem 12.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex II when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex III when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex IV when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 12, Problem 12.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex II when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex III when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex IV when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex II when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex III when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex IV when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.111EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex II when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex II when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex III when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex III when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex IV when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex IV when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The energy required for the synthesis is transferred from the electron transport chain.

NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone. Its structure consists of three subunits: nicotinamide, ribose, and ADP.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.2 - Which of the following is not found within the...Ch. 12.2 - Which of the following is not an organelle? a....Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 12.2 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 12.3 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 12.3 - Which of the following statements concerning...

Solution Summary: The author analyzes the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an NADH molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.

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