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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex I when two electrons from an FADH2 molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.
Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and
FADH2 is the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide. The main function of flavin adenine dinucleotide is to act as an oxidizing agent and used by the cell in oxidation reactions like oxidation of fatty acid.
(b)
Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex II when two electrons from an FADH2 molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.
Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and
FADH2 is the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide. The main function of flavin adenine dinucleotide is to act as an oxidizing agent and used by the cell in oxidation reactions like oxidation of fatty acid.
(c)
Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex III when two electrons from an FADH2 molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.
Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and
FADH2 is the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide. The main function of flavin adenine dinucleotide is to act as an oxidizing agent and used by the cell in oxidation reactions like oxidation of fatty acid.
(d)
Interpretation: To determine the number of protons that cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the complex IV when two electrons from an FADH2 molecule are passed through the electron transport chain.
Concept introduction: Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and
FADH2 is the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide. The main function of flavin adenine dinucleotide is to act as an oxidizing agent and used by the cell in oxidation reactions like oxidation of fatty acid.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Explain the difference between the propagated uncertainty and the standard deviation. Which number would you use to describe the uncertainty in the measurement?arrow_forwardCircle the compound in each pair where the indicated bond vibrates at higher frequency. WHY IS THIS? Provide thorough explanation to tie topic.arrow_forwardHow can you distinguish between each pair of compounds below using IR? Cite a bond and frequency that can be used to distinguish. Provide thorough steps and explanation.arrow_forward
- Propagation of uncertainty. Find the absolute and percent relative uncertainty assuming the ±-values are random error. 65±0.04 + 5.28±0.02 – 1.12±0.01 6±0.9 × 50.2±0.7 ÷ 13.8±0.5 [4.88±0.07 + 3.22±0.05] / 1.53±0.02arrow_forwardMatch to correct spectrum and explain the bonds and frequencies used to tell what spectrum connected to the given option. Thanks.arrow_forwardDraw the virtual orbitals for the planar and pyramidal forms of CH3 and for the linear and bent forms of CH2arrow_forward
- Q2: Draw the molecules based on the provided nomenclatures below: (2R,3S)-2-chloro-3-methylpentane: (2S, 2R)-2-hydroxyl-3,6-dimethylheptane:arrow_forwardQ3: Describes the relationship (identical, constitutional isomers, enantiomers or diastereomers) of each pair of compounds below. ག H CH3 OH OH CH3 H3C OH OH OH ////////// C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 H3C CH 3 C/III..... Physics & Astronomy www.physics.northweste COOH H нош..... H 2 OH HO CH3 HOOC H CH3 CH3 CH3 Br. H H Br and H H H Harrow_forwardQ1: For each molecule, assign each stereocenter as R or S. Circle the meso compounds. Label each compound as chiral or achiral. OH HO CI Br H CI CI Br CI CI Xf x f g Br D OH Br Br H₂N R. IN Ill I -N S OMe D II H CO₂H 1/111 DuckDuckGarrow_forward
- These are synthesis questions. You need to show how the starting material can be converted into the product(s) shown. You may use any reactions we have learned. Show all the reagents you need. Show each molecule synthesized along the way and be sure to pay attention to the regiochemistry and stereochemistry preferences for each reaction. If a racemic molecule is made along the way, you need to draw both enantiomers and label the mixture as "racemic". All of the carbon atoms of the products must come from the starting material! ? H Harrow_forwardQ5: Draw every stereoisomer for 1-bromo-2-chloro-1,2-difluorocyclopentane. Clearly show stereochemistry by drawing the wedge-and-dashed bonds. Describe the relationship between each pair of the stereoisomers you have drawn.arrow_forwardClassify each pair of molecules according to whether or not they can participate in hydrogen bonding with one another. Participate in hydrogen bonding CH3COCH3 and CH3COCH2CH3 H2O and (CH3CH2)2CO CH3COCH3 and CH₂ CHO Answer Bank Do not participate in hydrogen bonding CH3CH2OH and HCHO CH3COCH2CH3 and CH3OHarrow_forward
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