Chapter 11.5, Problem 11.8PP

For each compound. [1] Identify the functional group; [2] draw out the complete compound, including lone pairs on heteratoms.

b. $C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{H}_{2}C{O}_{2}H$

d. $C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}C{O}_{2}C{H}_{2}C{H}_3$

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The functional group / groups should be identified and the complete structure with lone pairs on hetero-atoms of the following compound should be drawn:

Concept Introduction:

Organic molecules have some structural features in addition to $\text{C}-\text{H}$ and $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds. Functional groups are defined as an atom or group of atom with characteristic physical and chemical properties. Functional group contains multiple bonds, hetero-atom or sometimes both the multiple bonds and hetero-atom.

This table gives information about the compounds containing $\text{C}=\text{O}$ group:

Type of Compound	General Structure
Aldehyde
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide

Here, R = any carbon backbone

Complete structural formula of a molecule represents all the atoms of molecule, types of bonds connecting atoms and how atoms are connected to each other.

Answer to Problem 11.8PP

Functional group in the given compound is ' $-\text{CHO}$ ' an aldehyde and the complete structure of the compound is as follows:

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is as follows:

The given compound can also be drawn as:

This compound contains a six membered ring and a $-\text{CHO}$ group. This compound contains a $\text{C}=\text{O}$ . Since a carbonyl group is attached to one hydrogen atom and one carbon atom of ring, making an aldehyde functional group.

To draw the complete structure of the given skeletal structure, place carbon atom on each vertices and fulfill its valency with hydrogen atoms. Unlabelled vertex will represent carbon atom attached to number of hydrogen atoms required to fulfill its valency (i.e. four). Valence electron of oxygen is six. Out of six two electrons are used in making double bond with carbon atom. Then remaining four electrons will be available as lone pair.

So, complete structure of given compound is as follows:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional group / groups should be identified and the complete structure with lone pairs on hetero-atoms of the following compound should be drawn:

  ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$

Concept Introduction:

Organic molecules have some structural features in addition to $\text{C}-\text{H}$ and $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds. Functional groups are defined as an atom or group of atom with characteristic physical and chemical properties. Functional group contains multiple bonds, hetero-atom or sometimes both the multiple bonds and hetero-atom.

This table gives information about the compounds containing $\text{C}=\text{O}$ group:

Type of Compound	General Structure
Aldehyde
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide

Here, R = any carbon backbone

Complete structural formula of a molecule represents all the atoms of molecule, types of bonds connecting atoms and how atoms are connected to each other.

Answer to Problem 11.8PP

Functional group in the given compound ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$ is ' $-{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}\text{or}-\text{COOH}$ ' carboxylic acid and the complete structure of the compound is as follows:

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is as follows:

  ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CO}}_2\text{H}$

The above compound can be drawn as:

This compound contains four carbon and eight hydrogen atom with two oxygen atoms. The functional group is carboxylic acid containing an $-\text{OH}$ group bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon.

To draw the complete structure of the given skeletal structure, place carbon atom on each vertices and fulfill its valency with hydrogen atoms. Unlabelled vertex will represent carbon atom attached to number of hydrogen atoms required to fulfill its valency (i.e. four). Valence electron of oxygen is six. Out of six two electrons of blue colored oxygen are used in making double bond with carbon atom. Then remaining four electrons will be available as lone pair.

Complete structure of the given compound is as follows:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The functional group / groups should be identified and the complete structure with lone pairs on hetero-atoms of the following compound should be drawn:

Concept Introduction:

Organic molecules have some structural features in addition to $\text{C}-\text{H}$ and $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds. Functional groups are defined as an atom or group of atom with characteristic physical and chemical properties. Functional group contains multiple bonds, hetero-atom or sometimes both the multiple bonds and hetero-atom.

This table gives information about the compounds containing $\text{C}=\text{O}$ group:

Type of Compound	General Structure
Aldehyde
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide

Here, R = any carbon backbone

Complete structural formula of a molecule represents all the atoms of molecule, types of bonds connecting atoms and how atoms are connected to each other.

Answer to Problem 11.8PP

Functional group in the given compound is 'ketone' and the complete structure of the compound is as follows:

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is as follows:

This compound contains six membered ring with one oxygen atom. The functional group is ketone containing a carbon-oxygen bond $\text{C}=\text{O}$ . In ketonic functional group, two carbon atoms are bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon.

To draw the complete structure of the given skeletal structure, place carbon atom on each vertices and fulfill its valency with hydrogen atoms. Unlabelled vertex will represent carbon atom attached to number of hydrogen atoms required to fulfill its valency (i.e. four). Valence electron of oxygen is six. Out of six two electrons of are used in making double bond with carbon atom. Then remaining four electrons will be available as lone pair.

Complete structure of the compound is as follows:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The functional group / groups should be identified and the complete structure with lone pairs on hetero-atoms of the following compound should be drawn:

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$

Concept Introduction:

Organic molecules have some structural features in addition to $\text{C}-\text{H}$ and $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds. Functional groups are defined as an atom or group of atom with characteristic physical and chemical properties. Functional group contains multiple bonds, hetero-atom or sometimes both the multiple bonds and hetero-atom.

This table gives information about the compounds containing $\text{C}=\text{O}$ group:

Type of Compound	General Structure
Aldehyde
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide

Here, R = any carbon backbone

Complete structural formula of a molecule represents all the atoms of molecule, types of bonds connecting atoms and how atoms are connected to each other.

Answer to Problem 11.8PP

Functional group in the given compound is 'ester' and the complete structure of the compound is as follows:

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is as follows:

  ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$

This given compound can be drawn as follows:

This compound contains an $-\text{OR}$ (R can be any carbon backbone) group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon. Hence, the resulting functional group is carboxylic acid.

To draw the complete structure of the given skeletal structure, place carbon atom on each vertices and fulfill its valency with hydrogen atoms. Unlabelled vertex will represent carbon atom attached to number of hydrogen atoms required to fulfill its valency (i.e. four).

Valence electron of oxygen is six. Out of six two electrons of blue colored oxygen are used in making double bond with carbon atom. Then remaining four electrons will be available as lone pair. For pink colored oxygen atom, one electron is used in making bond with carbonyl carbon atom and another electron is used in making bond with carbon backbone. Then remaining four will be present as lone pair.

The complete structure of the given compound is as follows:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The functional group / groups should be identified and the complete structure with lone pairs on hetero-atoms of the following compound should be drawn:

Concept Introduction:

Organic molecules have some structural features in addition to $\text{C}-\text{H}$ and $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds. Functional groups are defined as an atom or group of atom with characteristic physical and chemical properties. Functional group contains multiple bonds, hetero-atom or sometimes both the multiple bonds and hetero-atom.

This table gives information about the compounds containing $\text{C}=\text{O}$ group:

Type of Compound	General Structure
Aldehyde
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide

Here, R = any carbon backbone

Complete structural formula of a molecule represents all the atoms of molecule, types of bonds connecting atoms and how atoms are connected to each other.

Answer to Problem 11.8PP

Functional group in the given compound is an 'amide' and the complete structure of the compound is as follows:

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is as follows:

This compound contains an $-{\text{NHCH}}_3$ group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon. Hence, the resulting functional group is amide.

To draw the complete structure of the given skeletal structure, place carbon atom on each vertices and fulfill its valency with hydrogen atoms. Unlabelled vertex will represent carbon atom attached to number of hydrogen atoms required to fulfill its valency (i.e. four).

Valence electron of oxygen is six. Out of six two electrons of oxygen atom are used in making double bond with carbon atom. Then remaining four electrons will be available as lone pair. Valence electron of nitrogen is five. Out of five, one electron is used in making bond with the carbonyl carbon atom, one electron is used in making bond with $-{\text{CH}}_3$ group and third electron is used in making bond with hydrogen atom. Remaining two electrons will be present as lone pair.

The complete structure of the given compound is as follows: