Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 11, Problem 35RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The relationship between remembering stressful events and the parts of brain that are rich in cortisol receptor proteins.
Introduction:
The parts of the brain that are responsible for the memory are the amygdaloid body, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. The cortisol is a type of steroid hormone and its drug form is known by the name hydrocortisone. The zona fasciculata present in the adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of the cortisol hormone.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the activity of different body cells. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls the activities of other glands.
Discuss a disorder associated with either hypo or hypersecretion of a specific hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
Include in your discussion the answer to the following:
What effect will an increase or decrease in production have on the target organs?What signs and symptoms are associated with this condition and how is it treated?
Elevated levels of cortisol have been shown to reduce areas of the hippocampus in the brain
resulting in short term memory loss in older adults.
(source: Sonia J. Lupien et al. Nature Neuroscience 1, 69-73 [1998])
Exposure to long-term stress results in elevated levels of cortisol in adults. Over time, cortisol may
have detrimental effects on your health.
Determine the effect below that is NOT a result of long-term stress.
Select one:
O a. Blood pressure is elevated.
O b. The body is more prone to infections.
c. The breathing rate increases.
Od. Blood sugar levels are elevated.
Clear my choice
a) How does the body's hormonal response to short-term stress differ from the
body's hormonal response to long-term stress? In your answer, provide the names of
the hormones released, the glands from which they are released, and the effects on
the body.
b) Provide 2 reasons (as discussed in class) why long-term stress is harmful to our
physical health.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 11 - Compare the four chemical classes of hormones with...Ch. 11 - Define prohormone and prehormone, and give...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1cCPCh. 11 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 3CPCh. 11 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 11 - Describe the sequence of events by which a hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4cCPCh. 11 - Prob. 5aCP
Ch. 11 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 11 - List the hormones secreted by the anterior...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 11 - Describe the structure of the thyroid gland and...Ch. 11 - Describe how thyroid hormones are produced and how...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 11 - Describe the location of the parathyroid glands...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 11 - Describe how insulin and glucagon secretion are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 13CPCh. 11 - Prob. 14CPCh. 11 - Explain the nature of autocrine regulation. How...Ch. 11 - List some of the paracrine regulators produced by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 16bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 1RACh. 11 - Prob. 2RACh. 11 - Which of these statements about the adrenal cortex...Ch. 11 - Which of these statements about the hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5RACh. 11 - Prob. 6RACh. 11 - Prob. 7RACh. 11 - Prob. 8RACh. 11 - Steroid hormones arc secreted by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACh. 11 - Prob. 11RACh. 11 - Prob. 12RACh. 11 - Prob. 13RACh. 11 - Which of these hormones may have a primary role in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15RACh. 11 - What do insulin-like growth factors,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17RACh. 11 - Prob. 18RACh. 11 - Prob. 19RACh. 11 - Describe the sequence of events by which a hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21RACh. 11 - Prob. 22RACh. 11 - Prob. 23RACh. 11 - Prob. 24RACh. 11 - Describe how thyroid hormone secretion is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26RACh. 11 - Prob. 27RACh. 11 - Prob. 28RACh. 11 - Prob. 29RACh. 11 - Prob. 30RACh. 11 - Prob. 31RACh. 11 - Prob. 32RACh. 11 - Prob. 33RACh. 11 - Distinguish between the genomic and nongenomic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 35RACh. 11 - Diabetics who require insulin injections can...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37RACh. 11 - Prob. 38RACh. 11 - Prob. 39RACh. 11 - Prob. 40RA
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- Which hormones produced in the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland have the targets indicated? Below, fill in the blanks using the abbreviations noted in Section 15.3.arrow_forwardMatch the endocrine control concepts.arrow_forwardWhat are the primary target organs/tissues of cortisol? Describe the effect on each.arrow_forward
- Elevated levels of cortisol have been shown to reduce areas of the hippocampus in the brain resulting in short term memory loss in older adults.(source: Sonia J. Lupien et al. Nature Neuroscience 1, 69–73 [1998])Exposure to long-term stress results in elevated levels of cortisol in adults. Over time, cortisol may have detrimental effects on your health.Determine the effect below that is NOT a result of long-term stress.arrow_forwardprovide an overview of the functional anatomy of the hypothalamus, anterior- and posterior pituitary gland so that the role of these structures in the synthesis and secretion of hormones are clear.arrow_forwardClassify the following hormones into whether they are produced by the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland. Anterior Pituitary Hormones Hypothalamic Hormones Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) Luteinizing hormone Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Somatostatin Corticotropin-releasing hormone Growth hormone Growth hormone-releasing hormone Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Prolactin-inhibiting hormonearrow_forward
- Describe the main chemical groups of hormones (i.e. peptide / protein, amino acid derivatives, steroids, fatty acid derivatives) and that some are fat-soluble, others are water-soluble and that it is related to the chemical structure. Describe which hormones are released from different endocrine glands in different parts of the body, and transported via the blood to the target organ.arrow_forwardExplain the concept of coordination in the context of endocrine system function. Differentiate exocrine from endocrine glands. Describe the roles of the hypothalamus, pituitary glands, target glands, and target organs. Enumerate the secretion of the hypothalamus and their functions. List the hormones secreted by the anterior and posteriors pituitary glands and their functions. Explain the hormonal secretion and their functions of the following: thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), gonads (testis, ovaries), pancreas (beta and alpha cells), thymus, pineal glands. Describe the functions of hormones secreted by the following internal organs: heart, liver, kidney, stomach, small intestines, colon, and muscles Explain the concept of negative and positive feedback. Describe drugs that affect the endocrine system: thyroid replacement hormones, steroids, insulin. Give examples of nursing diagnosis that apply to issues of the endocrine system.arrow_forwardThe human sleep-wake cycle is regulated by melatonin. The synthesis of melatonin is regulated by light exposure (Figure 1). The human body typically develops a sleep-wake rhythm that does not respond quickly to change. Long-term exposure to extended periods of bright light after sunset is most likely to affect a person in which of the following ways? a) Melatonin synthesis will be increased, and the person will quickly fall asleep. b) Melatonin synthesis will be inhibited, and the person will have difficulty sleeping. c) Melatonin synthesis will be inhibited, and the person will quickly fall asleep. d) Melatonin synthesis will be increased, and the entire sleep-wake cycle will be shifted by several hours.arrow_forward
- Identify the six hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, their target cells, their principal actions, and their regulation by the hypothalamus.arrow_forwardHormones travel through the general blood circulation to specific sites called target tissues or (1.) Effectors , where they produce a coordinated response of the target tissues. Thus, the term endocrine (en′dō-krin), derived from the Greek words (2). _________________, meaning within, and (3) ____________, to secrete, appropriately describes this system. Endocrine glands are not to be confused with exocrine glands. Exocrine glands have (4.) _____________ that carry their secretions to the outside of the body, or into a hollow organ, such as the stomach or intestines. Examples of exocrine secretions are saliva, sweat, breast milk, and digestive enzymes. The study of the endocrine system, known as 5. _____________________. Can someone answer the 2-5?arrow_forwardA major cause of hypersecretion of hormones is a dysfunctional gland. Very high levels of cortisol is found in the blood serum of Patient X. After an injection of dexamethasone (a potent, synthetic cortisol), Patient X's cortisol levels return to normal. Based on your reading, is this condition of Patient X primary hypersecretion, secondary hypersecretion, tertiary hypersecretion, or cannot be diagnosed? Group of answer choices secondary hypersecretion primary hypersecretion tertiary hypersecretion Cannot be diagnosedarrow_forward
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