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(a)
Interpretation:
The statement “The speed of automobiles on a highway is quantized” is to be identified as true or false and if false, true statement for that is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The term quantization is introduced by the Niel Bohr which means a fixed value quantity. He introduced this for the energy of the electron in an orbit is quantized. The quantity that can have any value or an indefinite number of possible values is termed as continuous.
Answer to Problem 11.3TC
The statement “The speed of automobiles on a highway is quantized” is false. “The speed of automobiles on a highway is continuous” is a true statement.
Explanation of Solution
The statement “The speed of automobiles on a highway is quantized” is not true. The speed of automobiles is never fixed or quantized on the highway it is varying with time. It can have any value at sort of moment. Therefore, the correct statement is “The speed of automobiles on a highway is continuous”.
The statement “The speed of automobiles on a highway is quantized” is false. The correct or true statement is “The speed of automobiles on a highway is continuous”.
(b)
Interpretation:
The statement “Paper money in the United States is quantized” to be identified as true or false and if false, true statement for that is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The term quantization is introduced by the Niel Bohr which means a fixed value quantity. He introduced this for the energy of the electron in an orbit is quantized. The quantity that can have any value or an indefinite number of possible values is termed as continuous.
Answer to Problem 11.3TC
The statement “Paper money in the United States is quantized” is true.
Explanation of Solution
A quantity is quantized if it has fixed values. A quantity is continuous if it can have any value or an indefinite number of possibilities.
The statement “Paper money in the United States is quantized” is true. Paper money has a fixed value. It cannot be higher or lower than the mentioned value on the paper.
“Paper money in the United States is quantized” is a true statement.
(c)
Interpretation:
The statement “The weight of canned soup on a grocery store shelf is quantized” to be identified as true or false and if false, true statement for that is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The term quantization is introduced by the Niel Bohr which means a fixed value quantity. He introduced this for the energy of the electron in an orbit is quantized. The quantity that can have any value or an indefinite number of possible values is termed as continuous.
Answer to Problem 11.3TC
The statement “The weight of canned soup on a grocery store shelf is quantized” is true.
Explanation of Solution
A quantity is quantized if it has fixed values. A quantity is continuous if it can have any value or an indefinite number of possibilities.
The statement “The weight of canned soup on a grocery store shelf is quantized” is true. The canned products in the grocery stores have a fixed net mass of the contents. Their value is fixed while packaging in order that no extra amount is loaded which might bring loss to the company. Also, no lesser amount is loaded which will be considered as cheating with the customer.
“The weight of canned soup on a grocery store shelf is quantized” is a true statement.
(d)
Interpretation:
The statement “The volume of water coming from a faucet is quantized” to be identified as true or false and if false, true statement for that is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The term quantization is introduced by the Niel Bohr which means a fixed value quantity. He introduced this for the energy of the electron in an orbit is quantized. The quantity that can have any value or an indefinite number of possible values is termed as continuous.
Answer to Problem 11.3TC
The statement “The volume of water coming from a faucet is quantized” is false. “The volume of water coming from a faucet is continuous” is a true statement.
Explanation of Solution
A quantity is quantized if it has fixed values. A quantity is continuous if it can have any value or an indefinite number of possibilities.
The statement “The volume of water coming from a faucet is quantized” is not true. The volume of water coming from the faucet can have any value depending upon how much it is opened up. Secondly, it also depends upon the level of water in the tank from where water is coming in the faucet. Therefore, the correct statement is “The volume of water coming from a faucet is continuous”.
The statement “The volume of water coming from a faucet is quantized” is false. The correct or true statement is “The volume of water coming from a faucet is continuous”.
(e)
Interpretation:
The statement “A person’s height is quantized” to be identified as true or false and if false, true statement for that is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The term quantization is introduced by the Niel Bohr which means a fixed value quantity. He introduced this for the energy of the electron in an orbit is quantized. The quantity that can have any value or an indefinite number of possible values is termed as continuous.
Answer to Problem 11.3TC
The statement “A person’s height is quantized” is false. “A person’s height is continuous” is a true statement.
Explanation of Solution
A quantity is quantized if it has fixed value. A quantity is continuous if it can have any value or an indefinite number of possibilities.
The statement “A person’s height is quantized” is not true. The height of a person is not a fixed value. The height a person can be any value as one can see there is a wide variety of heights of a person in the real world. Therefore, the correct statement is “A person’s height is continuous”.
The statement “A person’s height is quantized” is false. The correct or true statement is “A person’s height is continuous”.
(f)
Interpretation:
The statement “Bohr described mathematically the orbits of electrons in a sodium atom” to be identified as true or false and if false, true statement for that is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The term quantization is introduced by the Niel Bohr which means a fixed value quantity. He introduced this for the energy of the electron in an orbit is quantized. The quantity that can have any value or an indefinite number of possible values is termed as continuous.
Answer to Problem 11.3TC
The statement “Bohr described mathematically the orbits of electrons in a sodium atom” is false. “Bohr described mathematically the orbits of electrons in a hydrogen atom” is a true statement.
Explanation of Solution
The statement “Bohr described mathematically the orbits of electrons in a sodium atom” is not true. Neil Bohr gave his model of an atom for the hydrogen atom only. All the saying’s in his theory is based on the hydrogen atom. Therefore, the correct statement is “Bohr described mathematically the orbits of electrons in a hydrogen atom”.
The statement “Bohr described mathematically the orbits of electrons in a sodium atom” is false.
The corrected statement is “Bohr described mathematically the orbits of electrons in a hydrogen atom”.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- Characterize the Bohr model of the atom. In the Bohr model, what do we mean when we say something is quantized? How does the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom explain the hydrogen emission spectrum? Why is the Bohr model fundamentally incorrect?arrow_forwardHow are the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom similar? How are they different?arrow_forwardDetermine whether each statement that follows is true or false: a Electron energies are quantized in excited states but not in the ground state. b Line spectra of the elements are experimental evidence of the quantization of electron energies. c Energy is released as an electron passes from ground state to an excited state. d The energy of an electron may be between two quantized energy levels. e The Bohr model explanation of line spectra is still thought to be correct. f The quantum mechanical model of the atom describes orbitals in which electrons travel around the nucleus. g Orbitals are regions in which there is a high probability of finding an electron. h All energy sublevels have the same number of orbitals. i The 3p orbitals of an atom are larger than its 2p orbitals but smaller than its 4p orbitals. j At a given sublevel, the maximum number of d electrons is 5. k The halogens are found in Group 7A/17 of the periodic table. l The dot structure of the alkaline earths is X, where X is the symbol of element in the family. m Stable ions formed by alkaline earth metals are isoelectronic with noble gas atoms. n Atomic numbers 23 and 45 both belong to transition elements. o Atomic number 52, 35, and 18 are arranged in order of increasing atomic size. p Atomic number 7, 16, and 35 are all nonmetals.arrow_forward
- Which statement is true of the quantum mechanical model, but not of the Bohr model? a. Electrons orbit the nucleus in simple circular orbits, just like planets orbit the Sun. b. The exact path that an electron follows within an atom cannot be specified. c. The electron is attracted to the nucleus of the atom.arrow_forward6.23 Describe how the Bohr model of the atom accounts for the spectrum of the hydrogen atom.arrow_forwardHow are the Bohr model and the Rutherford model of the atom similar? How are they different?arrow_forward
- Explain electron from a quantum mechanical perspective, including a discussion of atomic radii, probabilities, and orbitals.arrow_forward6.106 When Bohr devised his model for the atom, was he using deductive or inductive reasoning? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardPlanck originated the idea that energies can be quantized. What does the term quantized mean? What was Planck trying to explain when he was led to the concept of quantization of energy? Give the formula he arrived at and explain each of the terms in the formula.arrow_forward
- Why was Schrodinger not able to describe exactly the pathway an electron takes as it moves through the space of an atom?arrow_forwardDefend and criticize Bohrs model. Why was it reasonable that such a model was proposed, and what evidence was there that it "works"? Why do we no longer "believe" in it?arrow_forwardHow does probability fit into the description of the atom?arrow_forward
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