(a) Interpretation: Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined. Concept introduction: For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2 nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Question

Compute the formal charge (FC) on each atom in the following structures.(a) Methane (CH4)

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

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Compute the formal charge (FC) on each atom in the following structures.(a) Methane (CH4)

Consider compounds A–D, which contain both a heteroatom and a double bond. (a) For which compounds are no additional Lewis structures possible? (b) When two or more Lewis structures can be drawn, draw all additional resonance structures.

Chemistry (a) Write three more resonance structures for each of compounds 1 and 2. (b) In each of compounds 1 and 2, determine which resonance structure contributes the most and explain your answer. (c) Are the 3/4 structures resonance structures or different compounds? Same question for 5/6 structures. Explain your answers.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule, the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure is a legitimate Lewis structure is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

For a valid Lewis structure of a molecule the atoms must not exceed their normal valency. In general, this means atoms from the 2^nd row onward of the periodic table must follow the octet rule. The exceptions to this rule are elements from the third row like S, P, etc., which are capable of expanding their octets to a maximum of twelve valence electrons. A hydrogen atom cannot have more than two valence electrons.

Answer 16

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Answer 27

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.4P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.6P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.7P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.8P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the structure shown in part (a) is not a legitimate Lewis structure.

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Chapter 1 Solutions