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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
All resonance contributors for the given ion are to be drawn using curved arrows to indicate which pairs of electrons are being shifted.
Concept introduction:
Resonance structure exists in species for which there are two or more valid Lewis structures. Resonance structures are imaginary whereas true species which is shown by the resonance hybrid. Resonance structures have different placement of their valence electrons but not their atoms. Resonance structures with greater number of atoms having a complete octet, more covalent bonds, and fewer atoms having a non-zero formal charge are considered to be stable. Resonance structures are drawn using curved arrows. A curved arrow shows how the electron pair moves. A curved arrow originates from a lone pair of electrons or from a covalent double or triple bond to indicate the specific pair of electrons that are being moved. The arrow points to an atom if the electrons being moved become a lone pair. Otherwise, the arrow points to the center of an existing bond to represent the formation of a new double/triple bond. A resonance structure can be drawn if a lone pair of electrons on an atom is adjacent to multiple bonds, or an incomplete octet on an atom is adjacent to multiple bonds, or there is a ring of alternating single and multiple bonds.
(b)
Interpretation:
Resonance hybrid for the given anion is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
For a species, each valid Lewis structure is called a ‘resonance structure’ or a ‘resonance contributor’. A resonance hybrid is a weighted average of all resonance contributors. A partial bond is represented in a resonance hybrid by a dashed line connecting the two atoms. In the resonance hybrid, partial bonds are shown which represent the atoms over which the electrons are being delocalized.
(c)
Interpretation:
The longest
Concept introduction:
For a species, each valid Lewis structure is called a ‘resonance structure’ or a ‘resonance contributor’. A resonance hybrid is a weighted average of all resonance contributors. A partial bond is represented in a resonance hybrid by a dashed line connecting the two atoms. In the resonance hybrid, partial bonds are shown which represent the atoms over which the electrons are being delocalized. The atoms involved in the delocalization of electrons gets a partial double bond character and thus have a shorter bond length than
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- Challenging samples: 1. Metal complexes with low volatility are often difficult to analyze when performing atomic absorption measurements because the atomization efficiency is reduced to unacceptably low levels. Devise a strategy or strategies for eliminating the problem of a non-volatile metal complex? Explain how you would do that. 2. Devise a strategy to overcome unwanted ionization of the analyte? Explain what it would be. 3. Devise a general method that can be used to account for the presence of unknown matrix effects.arrow_forwardDon't used hand raitingarrow_forwardDon't used hand raiting don't used Ai solutionarrow_forward
- Homework: Atomic Structure This homework is due at the beginning of class next lecture period and is worth 6 points. Please place the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and then put the number of electrons in the correct shell. Also give the correct atomic mass. Also, state if the atom is an ion (cation or anion). H* 1. Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons Atomic mass 2. 26 13AI +++ Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons Atomic massarrow_forwardDon't used hand raitingarrow_forwardI need help working this problem out step by step, I was trying to use my example from the txt book but all I know how to do is set it up. I need to be shown step by step as I am a visual learner. Please help me.arrow_forward
- Don't used hand raitingarrow_forwardDon't used Ai solution and don't used hand raitingarrow_forward& Calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion (A combH) of 1.80 g of pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH; 88.1 g mol-1) at 37 °C when they are combusted in a calorimeter at constant volume with a calorimeter constant = 1.62 kJ °C-1 and the temperature rose by 1.55 °C. Given: R = 8.314 J mol −1 °C-1 and the combustion reaction: AN C3H4O3 + 2.502(g) → 3CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)arrow_forward
- An unknown salt, AB, has the following precipitation reaction:A+(aq) + B-(aq) ⇌ AB(s) the K value for this reaction is 4.50 x10-6. Draw a model that represents what will happen when 1.00 L each of 1.00 M solution of A+(aq) and 1.00M solution of B-(aq) are combined.arrow_forward5. a) Use the rules in Example 4.4 (p. 99) and calculate sizes of octahedral and tetrahedral cavities in titanium and in zirconium. Use values for atomic radii given in Fig. 9.1 (p.291). (3 points) b) Consider the formation of carbides (MC) of these metals. Which metal is able to accommodate carbon atoms better, and which cavities (octahedral or tetrahedral) would be better suited to accommodate C atoms into metal's lattice? (4 points)arrow_forward2. Read paragraph 3.4 in your textbook ("Chiral Molecules"), and explain if Cobalt(ethylenediamine) 33+ shown in previous problem is a chiral species. If yes, draw projections of both enantiomers as mirror images, analogous to mirror projections of hands (below). Mirror (4 points)arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
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