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All Textbook Solutions for Physics: Principles with Applications

40P 41P 42P 43P 44P 45P 46P 47P 48P 49P 50P 51P 52P 53P 54P 55P 56P 57P 58P 59P 60P 61P 62P 63P 64P 65GP 66GP 67GP 68GP 69GP 70GP 71GP 72GP 73GP 74GP 75GP 76GP 77GP 78GP 79GP 80GP 81GP 82GP 83GP 84GP 85GP 86GP 87GP 88GP 89GP 90GP 91GP 92GP 93GP 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 5Q 6Q 7Q 8Q 9Q 10Q 11Q 12Q 13Q 14Q 15Q 16Q 17Q 18Q 19Q 20Q 21Q 22Q 23Q 27Q How does the number of atoms in a 27.5-gram gold ring compare to the number in a silver ring of the same mass?2P (a) “Room temperature” is often taken to be 68°F. What is this on the Celsius scale? (b) The temperature of the filament in a lightbulb is about 1900 0C. What is this on theFahrenheit scale?4P 5P 6P The Eiffel Tower (Fig. 13-31 [) is built of wrought iron approximately 300 m tall. Estimate how much its height changes between January (average temperature of 2°C) and July (average temperature of 25°C). Ignore the angles of the iron beams and treat the tower as a vertical beam Figure 13-31 8P 9P To what temperature would you have to heat a brass rod for it to be 1.5% longer than it is at 25 C?11P To make a secure fit. rivets that are larger than the rivet hole are often usedand the rivet is cooled (usually in dry ice) before it is placed in the hole. A steel rivet 1.872 cm in diameter is to be placed in a hole 1.870 cm in diameter in a metal at 220C. To what temperature must the rivet be cooled if it is to fit in the hole?An ordinary glass is filled to the brim with 450.0 mL of water at 100.0°C. If the temperature of glass and water is decreased to 20.0°C, how much water could be added to the glass?An aluminum sphere is 8.75 cm in diameter. What will be its % change in volume if it is heated from 30”C to 160°C?15P 16P An aluminum bar has the desired length when at 12°C. How much stress is required to keep it at this length if the temperature increases to 35°C? [See Table 9-1]The pendulum in a grandfather clock is made of brass and keeps perfect time at 17°C. How much time is gained or lost in a year if the clock is kept at 29°C? (Assume the frequency dependence on length for a simple pendulum applies.) [Hint:See Chapter 8)19P 20P 21P 22P 23P 24P 25P 26P 27P 28P 29P 30P 31P 32P 33P 34P 35P 36P 37P 38P 39P 40P 41P 42P 43P 44P 45P 46P 47P 48P 49P 50P 51P 52P 53P 54P 55P 56P 57P 58P 59P 60P 61P 62P 63P 64P 65P 66P 67P 68P 69P 70P 71P 72P 73GP 74GP 75GP 76GP 77GP 78GP 79GP 80GP 81GP 82GP 83GP 84GP 85GP 86GP 87GP 88GP 89GP 90GP 91GP 1Q 2Q (a) If two objects of different temperatures are placed in contact, will heat naturally flow from the object with higher internal energy to the object with lower internal energy? (b) Is it possible for heat to flow even if the internal energies of the two objects are the same? Explain.In warm regions where tropical plants grow but the temperature may drop below freezing a few times in the winter the destruction of sensitive plants due to freezing can be reduced by watering them in the evening. Explain.5Q 6Q 7Q 8Q 9Q 10Q 11Q 11. Explorers on failed Arctic expeditions have survived by covering themselves with snow. Why would they do that? 13Q 14Q 15Q 16Q 17Q 18Q 19Q 20Q 21Q 22Q A premature baby in an incubator can be dangerously cooled even when the air temperature in the incubator is warm. Explain 24Q 25Q 26Q 26. The Earth cools off at night much more quickly when the weather is clear than when cloudy. Why? 28Q 29Q 30Q To what temperature will 8200 J of heat raise 3.0 kg of water that is initially at 10.0°C?How much heat (in joules) is required to raise the temperature of 34.0 kg of water from 15°C to 95°C?3P An average active person consumes about 2500 Cal a day. (a) What is this in joules? (b) What is this in kilowatt-hours? (c) If your power company charges about 10 $ per kilowatt-hour, how much would your energy cost per day if you bought it from the power company? Could you feed yourself on this much money per day?A British thermal unit (Btu) is a unit of heat in the British system of units. One Btu is defined as the heat needed to raise 1 lbof water by 1 F°. Show that 1Btu = 0.252kcal = 1056J.How many joules and kilocalories are generated when the brakes are used to bring a 1300-kg car to rest from a speed of 95 km/h?A water heater can generate 32,000 kJ/h. How much water can it heat from 12°C to 42°C per hour?8P An automobile cooling system holds 18 L of water. How much heat does it absorb if its temperature rises from 15°C to 95°C?What is the specific heat of a metal substance if 135 kJ of heat is needed to raise 4.1 kg of the metal from 18.0°C to 37.2°C?(a) How much energy is required to bring a 1.0-L pot of water at 20 C to 100 C? (b) For how long could this amount of energy run a 60-W lightbulb?12P 14. (II) What will be the equilibrium temperature when a 265-g block of copper at 245°C is placed in a 145-g aluminum calorimeter cup containing 825 g of water at 12.0°C? A 31.5-g glass thermometer reads 23.6°C before it is placed in 135 mL of water. When the water and thermometer come to equilibrium, the thermometer reads 41 8°C. What was the original temperature of the water? Ignore the mass of fluid inside the glass thermometer.A 0.40-kg iron horseshoe, just forged and very hot (Fig. 14-16), is dropped into 1.25 L of water in a 0.30-kg iron pot initially at 20 0°C. If the final equilibrium temperature is 25.0°C, estimate the initial temperature of the hot horseshoe. Figure 14-16 16P The heat capacity, C, ofan object is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise its temperature by 1 C°. Thus, to raise the temperature by T requires heat Q given by Q = C T. a. Write the heat capacity C in terms of the specific heat, c, of the material, b.What is the heat capacity of 1.0 kg of water? c.Of 45 kg of water?18P 19P 20P Estimate the Calorie content of 65 g of candy from the following measurements. A 15-g sample of the candy is placed in a small aluminum container of mass 0.325 kg filled with oxygen. This container is placed in 1.75 kg of water in an aluminum calorimeter cup of mass 0.624 kg at an initial temperature of 15.0°C. The oxygen-candy mixture in the small container (a “bomb calorimeter”) is ignited, and the final temperature of the whole system is 53.5°C.22P If 3.40 x 105 J of energy is supplied to a container of liquid oxygen at -183°C, how much oxygen can evaporate?How much heat is needed to melt 23.50 kg of silver that is initially at 25CC?25P What mass of steam at 100°C must be added to 1.00 kg of ice at 0°C to yield liquid water at 30°C?27P 28P 29P 30P 31P 32P A cube of ice is taken from the freezer at -8.5°C and placed in an 85-g aluminum calorimeter filled with 310 g of water at room temperature of 20.0°C. The final situation is all water at 17.0°C. What was the mass of the ice cube?34P 35P 36P 37P 39. How long does it take the Sun to melt a block of ice at 0°C with a flat horizontal area 1.0 m2and thickness 1.0 cm? Assume that the Sun’s rays make an angle of 35° with the vertical and that the emissivity of ice is 0.050. 39P Two rooms, each a cube 4.0 m per side, share a 14-cm-thick brick wall. Because of a number of 100-W lightbulbs in one room, the air is at 30DC, while in the other room it is at 10°C. How many of the 100-W bulbs are needed to maintain the temperature difference across the wall?41P Approximately how long should it take 8.2 kg of ice at 0°C to melt when it is placed in a carefully sealed Styrofoam ice chest of dimensions 25 cm x 35 cm x 55 cm whose walls are 1.5 cm thick? Assume that the conductivity of Styrofoam is double that of air and that the outside temperature is 34°C.43P Suppose the insulating qualities of the wall of a house come mainly from a 4.0-in. layer of brick and an R-19 layer of insulation, as shown in Fig. 14-19.What is the total rate of heat loss through such a wall, if its total area is 195 ft2and the temperature difference across it is 35 F°? Brick Insulation Problem 45 Two layers insulating a wall.45GP 46GP 47GP 48GP 49GP 50GP 51GP 52GP 53GP 54GP 55GP 56GP 57GP 58GP 59GP 60GP 61GP 62GP 63GP 64GP 65GP 66GP hi an isothermal process, 3700 J of work is done by an ideal gas. Is this enough information to tell how much heat has been added to the system? If so, how much? If not, why not?2Q 3Q 4Q 5Q An ideal monatomic gas expands slowly to twice its volume (1) isothermally; (2) adiabatically: (3) isobarically. Plot each on a PV diagram. In which process is ?Uthe greatest and in which is ?Uthe least? In which Wis the greatest and the least? In which is Q the greatest and the least?7Q 8Q What are the high-temperature and the low-temperature areas for (a) an internal combustion engine, and (b) a steam engine? Are they, strictly speaking, heat reservoirs?10Q 11Q 12Q 13Q 14Q 15Q 16Q 17Q 18Q 19Q 20Q 21Q 22Q 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 9P 10P 11P 12P 13P

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