The B-cell co-receptor, composed of CD19/CD21/CD81, is a receptor that binds to complement fragments such as C3dg. When an antigen bound by the BCR on a B cell has also been tagged with C3dg, the B-cell co-receptor is stimulated together with the BCR. Signaling through the co-receptor O inhibits BCR signaling by leading to PIP3 dephosphorylation. inhibits BCR signaling by leading to ITAM dephosphorylation. O enhances BCR signaling by recruiting and activating PI 3-kinase. enhances BCR signaling by bringing the Src kinase together with Ig-a and Ig-ß.

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A: The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells or T lymphocytes.

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Q: complement

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A: Answer

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Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.