Match the stage of B cell development with the rearrangement or expression of immunoglobulin genes. Stem cell Early pro-B cell Late pro-B cell Large pre-B cell Small pre-B cell Immature B cell ✓Choose... V-DJ rearranging germline configuration for both light and heavy chain genes D-J rearranging V-J rearranging μ heavy chain plus lambda or kappa light chains on cell surface μ heavy chain made but light-chain genes in germline configuration Choose... Choose...

Q: Which of the following statements about innate lymphoid cells is true? (ONE ANSWER)   Require the…

A: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack a specific antigen receptor but can produce…

Q: What determines if a T-cell will become a gamma:delta or alpha:beta T-cell? Select one: O a. The…

A: Introduction T-cells are the immune cells which develop into the Thymus. These are important in…

Q: The current estimate is that mammalian B cells are capable of producing 1,010 different…

A: Immunoglobulins are composed of four polypeptide chains out of which two are heavy chains and two…

Q: It was stated that the Rh antigens are so sparsely scattered on the red cell surface that lgG…

A: Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), also known as Rh disease or erythroblastosis fetalis, is a…

Q: T-cell receptor diversity is controlled by Select one: DNA recombination during prophase of meiosis…

A: T cells are the lymphocytes involved in adaptive immune responses. These cells have receptors for…

Q: Match the term with its correct description. Transcription factor required for T-cell development…

A: The different terms mentioned in the question are related to the development and formation of the T…

Q: Match the following conditions with the expected state of primary human cells grown in culture for…

A: The process through which cells are cultivated under controlled circumstances, typically outside of…

Q: Developing B cells that fail to make productive D to J heavy-chain rearrangements on both homologous…

A: B cells get matured in the bone marrow or in the lymph node. Mature B cells express antibodies on…

Q: BC, a 25-year-old African American female, has presented to the emergency department at a local…

A: The objective of the question is to determine the ABO blood type of the patient BC based on the…

Q: Match the following terms of B-cell development with the best definition. Surrogate light chain…

A: The immune system of the body is the vital system that provides protection to the body against…

Q: Why is the precise timing of recombination events critical during B and T cell development?.

A: B and T cell development is the complex biological process through which precursor cells mature into…

Q: HELP Immunology question

A: 1. Signal 1: 1. 4. Restriction on MHC Products: Specifically, this refers to the interaction that…

Q: Briefly, what are the 2 ‘checkpoints’ in development for the B cell? When do the B cells pause to…

A: In humans, B-cells are a type of WBCs (white blood cells) involved in the humoral immunity…

Q: For the following mechanism that is thought to contribute to maternal–fetal tolerance, state whether…

A: Adaptive immunity has two division, cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity. Humoral immunity…

Q: Class switching is initiated by T-cell activation via CD40 ligation. You are working with a mouse…

A: Class switching, also known as isotype switching, is a process in B cells that involves changing the…

Q: Transcription factor required for T-cell development Composed of superdimer, CD3 and zeta chain…

A: E2A and HEB, which are members of the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor family,…

Q: Successful synthesis of a rearranged b chain allows the production of a pre-T-cell receptor that…

A: T cell receptors have alpha and beta chains. Both of these chains consists of a constant region and…

Q: Cytokine associated with development of autism is- IFN-gamma O TNF-alpha O IL-6 O IL=1 beta

A: Cytokine These are small proteins that are involved in cell signalling. These are the components…

Q: Explain the role of isotype exclusion in pro-B cells.

A: Introduction:- In a given lymphocyte, either κ or λ light (L) chain, but not both, can combine with…

Q: The light-chain genes remain in the germline configuration. (Select all that apply.) Stem cell Early…

A: The V and J exons of an Ig light chain protein (Kappa or Lambda) encode the variable area, whereas…

Q: (a) Identify both the cellular component and the location of the component that is responsible for…

A: Luciferase reporter produces luminescence. If cells contain a luciferase vector, the luminescent…

Q: Which of the following events is not associated with the establishment of allelic exclusion of…

A: Answer is A.) active transcription of RAG1 and RAG2.

Q: For immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes, and for T-cell receptor b chain genes, there are a…

A: The T-cell receptors are present on the surface of the T-cells also known as T-lymphocytes. They…

Q: Based on the data shown in chart, titled IL-2 Response by Macrophages that express TLR-XX would you…

A: Introduction :- Macrophages are a type of white blood cell, also known as immune cells, that play an…

Q: The following interactions occur during the expression and secretion of an antibody heavy-chain…

A: 1. A signal peptide sequence and a signal recognition particle (SRP) interact (Step c):  - Early in…

Q: 1- B cell clones undergo somatic hypermutation in which structure? Group of answer choices A) Thymic…

A: Progenitor cells are types of stem cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types.…

Q: on with HIV has far fewer Helper T cells than a healthy person becau and destroys Helper T cells.…

A: HIV is Human immunodeficiency virus. As HIV causes  the white  blood cell most effectively.

Q: In B cells, what mechanism ensures that only rearranged V genes are transcribed?

A: A gene (from genos (Greek) which means generation or birth or sex) is a basic unit of heredity and a…

Q: To study the immune responses that provide protection against tumor growth in mice, some…

A: Cytokines are immunological molecules present in biological systems that are important for cell…

Q: Antibody heavy and light chain polypeptides consist of repeated domains, each of which is ~110 amino…

A: The immune system of the human body consists of specialized cells, proteins, tissues, and organs to…

Q: All of the following events occur within germinal centers except

A: Germinal centre It is abbreviated as GC and is a special type of structure formed in lymphoid and…

Q: During of B cell development, which of the following pairs is incorrect? Select one: a. IL-7: IL-7…

A: B cell development is a process in which B cells mature and differentiate from hematopoietic stem…

Q: gamma:delta T-cell receptors are also generated by gene rearrangement. Some T cells express…

A: Introduction: The gamma-delta T cells are the ones that display a typical T cell receptor on their…

Q: each complementation group in the blanks provided below. (Some of the blanks may remain empty.) Cd e…

A: Complementation test is a test in genetics. It is also known as cis trans test. It is used to find…

Q: True or false: 1. Highly proliferative centroblasts are located in the light-zone rather than the…

A: Different types of memory cells, including central memory effector memory & tissue-resident…

Q: Over time, cancer cells are known to produce weakly antigenic variants of cell surface proteins.…

A: Tumour antigens are those that are displayed on the surface of tumour cells by MHC class I or II…

Q: What are two types of long-lived cells derived from the B cell lineage? Where are these cells…

A: B cells are a type of white blood cell that helps the immune system fight foreign invaders including…

Q: Can a mature B Cell produce an epitope-specific antibody first and then switch to make an antibody…

A: Since we only answer one question at a time, therefore, we are answering the first question listed…