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- If a mature B cell under goes class, which in which domains will change Which of the following regions may change due to somatic hypermutation of the DNA in a mature B cell after it has be activated by antigen? Indicate an/all correct answers • A. CDR 1 B. CDR2 c. CDR3 D. none of the aboveIn cell culture experiments, purified B cells expressing IgM can be induced to switch to producing IgE by stimulating them with an antibody to CD40 (a stimulatory antibody) plus the cytokine IL-4. In an individual undergoing an immune response, these signals would normally be provided by follicular dendritic cells in the germinal center. other B cells in the germinal center. TFH cells in the germinal center. any CD4 T cell in the same lymph node. 00Which of the following regions may change due to somatic hypermutation of the DNA in a mature B cell after it has be activated by antigen? Indicate any/all correct answers. A. CDR 1 B. CDR 2 C. CDR 3 D. none of the above
- During positive selection, if the selecting MHC molecule is class I, then a. gene expression of CD8 is halted b. the thymocyte is committed to the CD8 lineage c. continued α-chain rearrangement occurs on the other locus to produce a mature T cell with two receptors d. the thymocyte differentiates into a CD4 T cell e. gene expression of CD4 is enhanced.Which of the following is not a possible mechanism for autoimmunity? Select one: A. Abnormal expression of MHC II molecules in non-antigen-presenting cells B. Polymorphism of HLA alleles C. Molecular mimicry D. Release of sequestered antigens E. Activation of polyclonal B cells O O O OWhich of the following cells are involvedin innate immunity but not in adaptiveimmunity?a. helper T cellsb. cytotoxic T cellsc. natural killer cellsd. B cellse. plasma cells
- Which of the following characteristics is true of large Pre-B cells? Select one: a. They do not express CD19 at the cell surface. b. Rearrangement of light-chain genes commences. c. Nonproductive rearrangement of both heavy-chain loci has already occurred. d. Allelic exclusion of the immunoglobulin light-chain loci has already occurred. u is assembled with VpreB25. e.All of the following contribute to the establishment and maintenance of long-lived memory B cells except _____. a. replenishment of memory population by cell division b. isotype switching c. somatic hypermutation d. long-term persistence of antigen after primary immune response e. interaction with stromal cells in the bone marrow.A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This observation is the result of A. antibodydiversity.B. isotypeswitching.C. allelicexclusion.D. affinitymaturation.E. randomVJgenerearrangement.
- All of the following are properties of B-1 cells except a. They exhibit polyspecificity. b. They arise during fetal development. c. They express CD5 on their cell surface. d. They are commonly associated with the cause of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). e. They have extensive N nucleotide diversity in VDJ junctions.Loss-of-function mutations in the common γ chain (γc) gene are particularly damaging to the immune system because _____. a. homozygotes and heterozygotes fail to make sufficient γc protein for lymphocyte activation b. T cells fail to develop in the thymus c. T-cell dependent and T-cell independent B-cell responses are inhibited d. multiple cytokine receptors cannot signal e. MHC class II genes are unable to be expressed.Multiple successive gene rearrangements at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus a. increase the likelihood that a functional heavy chain is formed b. always follow successive gene rearrangement of the immunoglobulin light-chain locus c. occur after the completion of the second checkpoint in small pre-B cells d. are not possible because the D segments are removed following the joining between D to J and V to DJ e. may result in the production of B cells expressing two different types of heavy chain.
