Can I get help on how to do a concept map to the introduction of the Welch-Reardon, et al article provided below in the image. It can either be a drawing or a ppt slide. A requirement would be to utilize connecting words and identify the background of the article. Also, to research the problem and questions. INTRODUCTIONAngiogenesis is a multi-step, tightly regulated process that playsa crucial role during embryogenesis and wound healing, as wellas in pathological conditions such as tumor growth (Conwayet al., 2001; Folkman, 1985; Risau, 1997). During sproutingangiogenesis, endothelial cells (EC) are activated in response toangiogenic stimuli, the best characterized of which is vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Carmeliet, 2000; Conwayet al., 2001). EC activation triggers a cascade of events, includingdegradation of the adjacent basement membrane, migration ofnascent sprouts into the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM),"The Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of CaliforniaIrvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. 2The Department of Chemical Engineering andMaterials Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. TheDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine,Irvine, CA 92697, USA. “The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University ofCalifornia Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. SThe Edwards Lifesciences Center forAdvanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA.*Author for correspondence (cchughes@uci.edu)Received 26 September 2013; Accepted 26 January 2014 formation of lumens, branching, anastomosis and a return toquiescence once support cells have been recruited to the newlyyformed vessel (Carmeliet, 2000; Conway et al., 2001; Risau,t.1997). Initiation of sprouting requires generation of at least twodistinct EC phenotypes – tip cells and trunk cells. Each assumes adifferent morphology and performs unique functions. A tip cellleads the sprout; it is polarized along its anterior-posterior axis,erarely proliferates and is highly migratory (del Toro et al., 2010;gHellström et al., 2007; Jakobsson et al., 2010; Sainson et al.,at2008). Trunk cells trail tip cells; they are proliferative, apically-basally polarized and form the vessel lumen (Ribatti andCrivellato, 2012). Gene expression profiles reveal tip cells to behighly enriched in VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) (Gerhardt et al.,of2003; Jakobsson et al., 2010; Ribatti and Crivellato, 2012;Sainson et al., 2008), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB)(Ribatti and Crivellato, 2012; Sainson et al., 2008), neuropilinreceptor 2 (NRP2) (Sainson et al., 2008), Jagged 1 (Jag1)(Johnston et al., 2009; Sainson et al., 2008), membrane type 1e,eofhmatrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) (van Hinsbergh andKoolwijk, 2008; Yana et al., 2007), and delta-like 4 (Dl14)(Hellström et al., 2007; Suchting et al., 2007). Expression of tipcell genes and induction of angiogenic sprouting are stimulated andregulated by pro-angiogenic cytokines including VEGF (Conwayet al., 2001; Ribatti and Crivellato, 2012), tumor necrosis factor a(TNF¤) (Otrock et al., 2007; Sainson et al., 2008), transforminggrowth factor B (TGFB) (Otrock et al., 2007), fibroblast growthfactor (FGF) (Conway et al., 2001; Otrock et al., 2007) andhepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Sengupta et al., 2003). Duringpathological events such as inflammation and tumor growth, severalof these growth factors induce expression of the transcription factorSlug (Snai2), and expression of this gene in tumor cells contributesto invasion and to metastasis (Barrallo-Gimeno and Nieto, 2005;Romano and Runyan, 2000; Thiery, 2002).The Snail family of zinc-finger transcription factors areevolutionarily conserved and involved in processes that requireofarcell movement. Expression of these genes is essential duringembryonic development in events such as mesoderm, neural crestand heart cushion formation (Cobaleda et al., 2007; Niessen et al.,2008). During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTS),Slug acts as a transcriptional repressor by binding E-boxelements in target promoters. Under certain conditions, Slugrepresses transcription of genes involved in formation of bothadherens junctions (E-Cadherin), and tight junctions (claudins,occludins, ZO1), and promotes disassembly of desmosomes(Barrallo-Gimeno and Nieto, 2005; Cobaleda et al., 2007; Niete,2002). Slug also indirectly induces expression of genes th.etdegrade ECM, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS)(Barrallo-Gimeno and Nieto, 2005; Huang et al., 2009; ZhangiaofJournal of Cell Science

Answered: Can I get help on how to do a concept…

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...