Large animals should have higher lifetime probabilities of cancer than small animals because each cell division carries a risk of mutating towards a tumor lineage, and large animals have many more cells. However, this is not observed—a paradox that suggests large and/or long-lived species tend to evolve effective cancer suppression mechanisms. Based on the principle of allocation, the evolutionary value of cancer suppression should be determined by the ‘cost’ of suppression (decreased fecundity) vs. the ‘cost’ of cancer (reduced survivorship). Should effective cancer suppression be more common in more r-selected (fast life history) or K-selected (slow life history) species? Explain your reasoning. The formula list is attached. N = N,2MRrB > C,N CN, = N,2'N, = N,e"r = In ( 2)AN = N, - N,dN= rNdt0.6931dN=rN] 1-dtNKpelr=b-ddPP=1-r=b-d+i-e=cP(1-P)-ePdtN =-a,N2 + K,N =-a,N¡ + K,N; +a„N;N; + &„NN 1-dtK;atdNrN= eNPdtP=rlcR, = sbdPacNP=mPdtN= m/ ac

r/K selection theory relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade…

Answered: Large animals should have higher…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

Large animals should have higher lifetime probabilities of cancer than small animals because each cell division carries a risk of mutating towards a tumor lineage, and large animals have many more cells. However, this is not observed—a paradox that suggests large and/or long-lived species tend to evolve effective cancer suppression mechanisms. Based on the principle of allocation, the evolutionary value of cancer suppression should be determined by the ‘cost’ of suppression (decreased fecundity) vs. the ‘cost’ of cancer (reduced survivorship). Should effective cancer suppression be more common in more r-selected (fast life history) or K-selected (slow life history) species? Explain your reasoning.

The formula list is attached.

N = N,2
MR
rB > C,
N C
N, = N,2'
N, = N,e"
r = In ( 2)
AN = N, - N,
dN
= rN
dt
0.6931
dN
=rN] 1-
dt
N
K
pel
r=b-d
dP
P=1-
r=b-d+i-e
=cP(1-P)-eP
dt
N =-a,N2 + K,
N =-a,N¡ + K,
N; +a„N;
N; + &„N
N 1-
dt
K;
at
dN
rN= eNP
dt
P=rlc
R, = sb
dP
acNP=mP
dt
N= m/ ac

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