Answered: It has been shown that unusual…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

It has been shown that unusual activation of TGFb signaling pathway is associated with breast cancer development. Please provide the short overview of the experimental plan how you can study this effect.

Expert Solution

Step 1

In several cellular pathways, including cell development, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis, and other cellular metabolisms, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) signaling pathway is implicated in both the adult cell and the growing embryo. The process is much simpler, considering the wide variety of cellular mechanisms that the TGFβ signaling pathway controls.

Ligands of the TGFβ superfamily connect to a type II receptor, which activates a type I receptor and in turn phosphorylates it. Now, the type I receptor phosphorylates SMAD molecules, which is regulated as soon as the receptor binds. This leads to a cascade of signaling events that produce a SMAD complex that aggregates, where they serve as transcription factors, and take part in the modulation of the expression of the target gene.

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