Imagine that you are walking through the desert and you get scratched by a thorn on a mezquite, unfortunately for you the thorn was previously covered with pathogenic bacteria X by droppings of vultures perched at the top. You developed a nasty skin infection that rapidly turns into a systemic one. You survive, and your doctor says that you have very good quantity of IgG anti-bacteria X that would probably make you immune to another infection. Using a cartoon describe to chronologically what cells would first respond to skin infection and explain how and when the adaptive immune system will get involved.

Imagine that you are walking through the desert and you get scratched by a thorn on a mezquite, unfortunately for you the thorn was previously covered with pathogenic bacteria X by droppings of vultures perched at the top. You developed a nasty skin infection that rapidly turns into a systemic one. You survive, and your doctor says that you have very good quantity of IgG anti-bacteria X that would probably make you immune to another infection. Using a cartoon describe to chronologically what cells would first respond to skin infection and explain how and when the adaptive immune system will get involved.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter12: Body Defenses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ACR

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There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.
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