Determine wheter a probiotic pill protects against food-borne illnesses,how would you develop a hypothetical ,observational prospective cohort study to see if this is true.
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Determine wheter a probiotic pill protects against food-borne illnesses,how would you develop a hypothetical ,observational prospective cohort study to see if this is true.
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- You wish to determine whether a probiotic pill protects individuals against food-borne illnesses, explain how you would develop hypothetical, observational prospective cohort study to see if this is true?A cohort of 3,400 people followed for 10 years, of whom 1,600 were exposed to a chemical and another 1,800 who were not exposed. As the outcome, the incidence of cases of myeloid leukemia was measured. In the exposed group there were 100 cases and in the group without product exposure (25) cases in 10 years (prospective cohort study). a. Prepare a contingency table b. Compute and interpret the following: b.1 Cumulative incidence b.2 CI exposed and unexposed b.3 Relative risk b.4 Attributable risk b.5 Attributable risk among the exposedIn this fictitious example of a cohort study, we found that in a factory of 3,000 workers, 1,000 workers were exposed to toxic substances, and 2,000 were not. During the study period, 800 of the exposed workers developed some type of lung disease, and only 40 of the non-exposed workers developed a lung disease. C. What is the incidence of lung disease in exposed workers that can be attributed to being exposed to asbestos? Use the already rounded off answers in the previous items when computing and answer should be in whole numbers. D. What is the proportion of the total incidence of lung disease in those exposed workers that is attributable to asbestos? Use the already rounded off answers in the previous items when computing and answer should be in whole numbers.
- What is the difference between a cohort study and a case control study, and what are the strengths and weaknesses inherent in their design, respectively?Which population interaction is widely used in medical science for the production of antibiotics?Lead time bias is best described as a. an apparently lower survival rate among persons screened compared to an unscreened group b. a similar survival time for persons identified during a screening program relative to persons who are diagnosed by clinical symptoms c. an apparently longer survival time among persons identified during a screening program because they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease d. a truly longer survival time for persons identified during a screening program because they were given an effective treatment
- Which of the following is not true of cohort studies? a. Risk can be observed directly in a cohort study b. Cohort studies are good for studying the impact of rare exposures in the population c. The exposure is well defined in cohort studies d. Cohort studies carry the highest risk of misclassification of exposures (that is, incorrect identification of participants as exposed or unexposed)In a cohort study, the ratio of the incidence rate of a disease in an exposed group to the incidence rate of the disease in a nonexposed group is the: a. Relative risk b. Risk difference c. Prevalence ratio d. Odds ratiohow does this specifically tie in to vccintion policies (childhood and Covid)?
- In a cohort study, men were classified as having high or low cholesterol levels. Among the group with low cholesterol levels there were 50 heart attacks in 5000 person-years of follow-up and among the group with high cholesterol levels there were 150 heart attacks in 6000 person-years of follow-up. 1. What was the incidence of heart attack among men with low cholesterol levels? 2. What was the incidence of heart attack among men with high cholesterol levels? 3. What was the incidence of heart attack all men? 4. If high cholesterol levels are a cause of heart attack, what proportion of heart attacks in men could theoretically be prevented if nobody had a high cholesterol level?What are the three types of study designs used in GWAS? Provide a specific example of a study performed in research using one of these methods. Why was this study design chosen over the other two methods?If two independent variables have an effect on each other in a factorial research design, we are primarily concerned about their contradictory cohort effect interactive effect cohort effect confounding effect