5.Consider the decarboxylation of dimethyloxaloacetate 7 to 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate 8shown belowH3COcat. Cu²+& CO2CH3OH (aq)cat. Cu²+no reactionCH3OH (aq)9a. Provide a mechanism to account for the fact that Cu2+ catalyzes this reaction.b. In one sentence explain why Cu2+ does not similarly catalyze the decarboxylationof 9.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/ea5fd5ae-0a10-4364-b395-94029cc30298.jpg

Answered: 5. Consider the decarboxylation of…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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2. a. Label the following structures as ATP, ADP, AMP, P₁, PPi, or Adenosine. Place your answers in the boxes provided. HO H OH H OH OH O N. H H OH + ATP NH₂ . + ADP 01210 ++++++ O-AMP O O Adenosine *+-+ O 0=210 HO b. Put an "X" in the box for the reaction that is thermodynamically most favorable. OH OPP OPP Adenine + AMP + Adenosine
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3. (а) (coenzyme A), NAD+ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), FAD (oxidized flavin adenine dinu- cleotide), and a five-membered ring for oxidized lipoamide, and using structural formulas outline the reactions for the oxidative decarboxylation of a-ketoglutarate catalyzed by the aKG dehydrogenase complex. Name the 3 enzymes catalyzing the reactions underlying the conversion of a-ketoglutarate. Using the following abbreviations for cofactors: TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate), COASH
10. Procaine is known to undergo faster metabolic hydrolysis than procainamide. Give explanation. -NET2 -NEt2 HN H2N- H2N- Procainamide Procaine 11. In phase 2 metabolic transformation chloramphenicol the primary alcohol is converted to a glucuronide conjugate. Draw chemical structure of the product. Provide the name of enzyme that catalyze this metabolic reaction. он ? CHCI2 O2N- но
01. Electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene will not proceed without Lewis acid catalyst. Give the reagent (including catalyst) and the product for the following reactions of benzene. a. nitration b. chlorination c. alkylation d. acylation e. sulfonation 02. Show the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of anisole and nitrobenzene with acetic anhydride? Explain the different products formed. 03. What is the basis in the separation of the components of a mixture in chromatography? 04. Describe in detail the five basic steps in the thin layer chromatographic (TLC) separation. 05. What is the difference between Rf value and retention time (RT)? 06. The chromatogram represents the separation of the components of a mixture after development. Calculate the Rf values of the three components of sample X in the chromatogram. If the SP is silica gel C-18, which is the polar component and the nonpolar component? nchot
5. Given the following information tables, determine in which cell type cleavage of the terminal phosphate from ADP yields the greatest actual change in free energy. (Please work in kJ/mol.) TABLE 13-6 Standard Free Energies of Hydrolysis of Some Phosphorylated Compounds and Acetyl-CoA (a Thioester) TABLE 13-5 Total Concentrations of Adenine Nucleotides, Inorganic Phosphate, and Phosphocreatine in Some Cells AG (kJimol) (kcalimol) Concentration (MM) Phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (+3-phosphoglycerate + P) Phosphocreatine -61.9 -14.8 ATP ADP AMP P, PCr Rat hepatocyte Rat myocyte 49.3 -11.8 3.38 1.32 0.29 4.8 -43.0 -103 8.05 0.93 0.04 8.05 28 ADP (+ AMP + P) -32.8 -7.8 -7.3 Rat neuron 2.59 0.73 0.06 2.72 4.7 ATP (+ ADP + P) Location of -30.5 Human erythrocyte 225 0.25 0.02 1.65 ATP (+ AMP • PP) AMP (+ adenosine P) cleavage is important! 45.6 -10.9 E. coli cell 7.90 1.04 0.82 7.9 -14.2 -34 For erythrocytes the concentrations are those of the cytosol (human erythrocytes lack a…
1. Acid phosphatases are an important group of enzymes that can be detected in human bloodserum. Under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), this group of enzymes can hydrolyzebiological phosphate esters as follows:R-O-P-O3-2 + H 2O R-OH + HO-P-O3-2.Acid phosphatases are produced and can be detected in erythrocytes, kidney, spleen, the liver,and prostrate gland. The enzyme from the prostrate gland is clinically important because anincreased activity in the blood is frequently an indication of cancer of the prostrate gland.Tartrate ion can strongly inhibit the phosphatase from the prostrate gland, but not acidphosphatases from other tissues. How can you use the information above to develop a specificprocedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostrate gland in humanblood serum?
please help me identify these huhu thank you
2. Consider a preparation that contains all of the enzymes and cofactors needed for fatty acid biosynthesis from added malonyl-CoA and acetyl- COA. a. If [2-H) acetyl-CoA (labeled with deuterium) H-c-C-COA and an excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, how many deuterium atoms are incorporated into each palmitate? What are their locations in the palmitate structure? (Draw an expanded structural formula for palmitate showing the locations of the deuterium atoms (as drawn in acetyl-CoA above). Explain your answer.
4. a. Use the data in the graph above to estimate a KM value for the enzyme in the presence of these metabolites, and enter them into the table below. b. Classify these metabolites as either activators or inhibitors, and explain your rationale below.
38. The shown reaction is one of the four repeating steps during fatty acid biosynthesis. Which of the following statements is correct? 유 CH3-C-CH₂-C-S-ACP A B OH 유 CH3-C-CH₂-C-5-ACP → A. The small molecule in box A is NADPH + H* B. It is the second reduction reaction during fatty acid biosynthesis C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

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