H+ (aq) + HCO3(aq) H₂CO3(aq) H₂0 (1) + CO₂(g) carbonic acid bicarbonate ion a. In a chemical equilibrium, excess of one component will shift the direction of the reaction one direction. If you make more CO₂ (like from running to class to take the quiz), then you can make more carbonic acid, which can then make more bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. So, increases in CO₂ will cause an increase or decrease in pH (circle one)? b. If saturated hemoglobin arrives in your tissues that have lots of CO₂, will this change in pH make hemoglobin donate its oxygen to the tissues more or less easily (circle one)? 6. We evolved with a version (actually versions) of hemoglobin that has different affinities for oxygen in different environments. a. In your own words, describe how hemoglobin's response to this change in pH is beneficial to you (2 sentences). b. Preview about protein structure: pH affects hemoglobin by changing the number of ions in the environment that compete for the interactions between charged or partially charged protein components. Based on the graph and your guesses, do you think that the changes of pH in our body destroys hemoglobin completely (i.e. denatures the protein) or just slightly alters the structure (and therefore function)? Explain.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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H+ (aq) + HCO3(aq) H₂CO3(aq) H₂0 (1) + CO2 (g)
bicarbonate ion
carbonic acid
a. In a chemical equilibrium, excess of one component will shift the direction of the
reaction one direction. If you make more CO₂ (like from running to class to take the quiz), then
you can make more carbonic acid, which can then make more bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
So, increases in CO, will cause an increase or decrease in pH (circle one)?
b. If saturated hemoglobin arrives in your tissues that have lots of CO₂, will this change in pH
make hemoglobin donate its oxygen to the tissues more or less easily (circle one)?
6. We evolved with a version (actually versions) of hemoglobin that has different affinities for
oxygen in different environments.
a. In your own words, describe how hemoglobin's response to this change in pH is beneficial to
you (2 sentences).
b. Preview about protein structure: pH affects hemoglobin by changing the number of ions in the
environment that compete for the interactions between charged or partially charged protein
components. Based on the graph and your guesses, do you think that the changes of pH in our
body destroys hemoglobin completely (i.e. denatures the protein) or just slightly alters the
structure (and therefore function)? Explain.

Expert Solution

Step 1: Introduce about the hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is responsible for the transportation of oxygen through blood circulation and it is present within the red blood cells or RBC. Hemoglobin is made up of protein globin and heme as a prosthetic unit. Two alpha and two beta chains are present in haemoglobin as polypeptide chains which are bounded to heme and complete the structure of hemoglobin.

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