2.To the right is a schematic diagram ofHis $7the active site in the Michaelis complex of a-chy-motrypsin and a polypeptide substrate. Describebriefly the catalytic or structural roles of theresidues listed below:но — Ser195(а) Ser195AA,-C-ÇH-NH-C-ÇH -NH -AAnRRHH.193GlySer195(b) His57(c) NH groups of Gly193 and Ser195(d) The most favorable side chain R for binding(e) Identify the scissile bond with an arrow, i.e., the bond in the peptide substrate that is cleaved as aresult of the catalytic action of the enzyme. You can point to it on the diagram above.

Chymotrypsin is a protease that cleaves a peptide at the C-terminal of aromatic amino acids like…

Answered: To the right is a schematic diagram of…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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(b) The values of kinetic parameters for a variety of synthetic ester and peptide substrates ofa- chymotrypsin are compared for the reaction scheme below where ES is the Michaelis complex, ES' E+S Substrate K₁ N-Ac-Trp–OC₂H5 N-Ac-Phe-OC2H5 N-Ac-Leu-OC2H5 N-Ac-Phe-CONH2 N-Ac-Tyr-p-nitro-anilide ES K₂ 3.5 13.0 3.2 1.7 K-₁ is the acylenzyme, P₁ is the first product to be released, P2 is the second product, k2 is the acylation rate constant, k3 is the deacylation rate constant, and kcat = k2 k3/( k2 + k³). In the table below, N- Ac = N-acetyl; -CONH₂ = carboxamide; -OC₂H5 = ethyl ester; p-nitroanilide = −NH-C6H4-NO2 simulating a peptide group. ES' K2 (S-¹) K3 (S-1) 0.84 2.2 0.19 P₁ K3 0.073 H → E+ P2 Kcat (S-1) 0.82 1.9 0.18 0.070 0.038 KM (MM) 0.08 1.3 4.2 24.0 0.35 1 Kcat/ KM (mM-¹ s¯¹) 10.3 1.5 0.04 0.003 0.11 The value of kcat for N-Ac-Phe-OC2H5 is two-fold greater than that for the L-tryptophanyl analog and more than 10-fold greater than the value of kcat for the ester substrate…
the structures of chymotrypsin and other serine proteases revealed that the active sites of these enzymes shared a particular sterochemical arrangement of residues crucial to their activity. This came to be known as the catalytic triad, as it consisted of the oponyomous serine (Ser) residue, along with a histidine (His) and an aspartate (Asp) residue. Which of the following would result in the greatest decrease in function of the catalytic triad found in serine proteases? O Mutation to Ser, Cys, Asp O Mutation to Ser, His, Asp O Mutation to Cys, His, Asp O Mutation to Ser, His, Glu
What is the first thing that must occur in order for the catalysis of the peptide bond to begin. What is a specificity pocket? What are the preferences of chymotrypsin due to its specificity pocket?
The diagram below shows the substrate binding cleft for a protease, providing the substrate structure, and indicating the residues (using one-letter code) that line the four specificity pockets. 1 M F H₂N K R IZ 2 3 P F S W оо E 4 The protease is known to cleave the amide linkage between W and E residues for substrates containing the WEFD sequence. Using 3-letter code with amino acids linked by a "dash" (ex. GLY-ALA), the N-terminal product is A and the C-terminal product is A
(iii) Draw a structural diagram of a hydrogen bond between β-D-glucose and the side chain of any polar residue in a protein. (iv) Name the type of bond that can occur between the axial hydrogens of glucose and the indole ring of tryptophan. Draw a structural diagram of this bond. (v) Comment on the polar / apolar nature of the bond in part (iv) and explain why this type of interaction is prevalent in protein-sugar complexes. Answer (iii) to (v) please.
A family of proteins known as cupredoxins contain a single redoxactive Cu ion coordinated by a Cys, a Met, and two His residues. The reduction potentials of cupredoxins range from about 0.15 V to 0.68 V. What does this information reveal about the role of the protein component of the cupredoxins?
The catalytic triad consists of Asp, His, and Ser. What would be an alternative for histidine and how would we draw the interactions in a mechanism?
Neuraminidase (NA) catalyzes a hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages of sialic acids using a mechanism shown in Fig. (a). and Fig. (b) shows competitive inhibitors of NA Considering the mechanism of NA, why do zanamivir and oseltamivir inhibit NA so potently?
Please answer the following questions 1) based on the structures of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thyme. Why does A prefer to bind to T and C prefer to bind to G 2) were the binding energies the same for AT and CG? Explain the difference 3) which of the four know bases is the unknown synthetic base most like in terms of its binding characteristics? What does this indicate about its structure? 4) if the unknown synthetic base was used to study DNA replication, which natural bases would it interact with? 5) is the picture question
Based on your understanding of the structure and function of the enzyme chymotrypsin, explain why proteolytic activation by Trypsin in the intestine is required for chymotrypsin to bind its substrates with high affinity. Your answer should include a description of the amino acid residue or residues involved AND a kinetic experiment that suggested this.

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