a) What is a secondary antibody and why is it used?   b) What is the specific substrate for HRP? What color does it produce?

Describe the following antigen antibody reactions in serology:     Mechanism Function in serology Example of method a) Precipitation       b) Agglutination       c) Neutralizing       d) Complement fixation

For Western Blot detection of specific proteins, the secondary antibody directly binds to: A) The antigen-binding sites of the primary antibody B) The protein of interest on the membrane C) The Fc domain of the primary antibody

2) Now you would like to raise antibodies to this protein of YFG. How could you use the pure protein to generate/identify….. a) a polyclonal antibody? b) a monoclonal antibody?

41) For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that A) the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. B) a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. C) all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. D) the pathogen has only one epitope. E) the MHC molecules are heterozygous.   42) In the human disease known as lupus, there is an immune reaction against a patient's own DNA from broken or dying cells, which categorizes lupus as A) an allergy. B) an immunodeficiency. C) an autoimmune disease. D) an antigenic variation. E) a cancer.

Which antibody type description among A- D is falsely characterized? A) O IgA: form dimers; prevent adherence of pathogens to mucosal surfaces 1f1 B) O IgG: circulating antibody with multiple functions; formed in high numbers in secondary antibody response C) O IgM: forms multimers whose function is agglutination of infectious microbes D) O IgE, IgD: carry out their function while bound to the surfaces of specific cell types E) O None are false, A-D are all correct

Select all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. a) Group of answer choices b) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. c) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell d) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. e) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. f) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.

What advantages do monoclonal antibodies have compared topolyclonal antibodies? How are mAbs produced?

What is the enzymatic tag on the antibodies that interacts with the substrate causing the color change?

If primary antibody is mouse anti-Akt, what should be the secondary antibody (see below and choose one with explanation)?   a) Goat anti-mouse b) Mouse anti-Akt c) Rabbit anti-goat d) Rat anti-mouse