2. Neurons use action potentials to send information down the axonto stimulate a release of a chemical message for synapticsignalling.(a) Define action potential:(b) What triggers an action potential to occur?(c) Describe the four key steps involved in the generation of anaction potential. Complete the task using a graph withmembrane potential (mV) on the y-axis and time (ms) on thex-axis. Start with what happens when the membrane potentialreaches threshold. For each step, note which channels areopening and closing, the direction of flow of ions across theplasma membrane, and the membrane potential at which thisoccurs.3. Both the nervous system and the endocrine system work inparallel to maintain homeostasis around the body. Complete thetable below comparing the two systems:FeatureTissue typeSignalSignal pathwayNervous system Endocrine System

2(a) Definition of Action Potential: An action potential is a rapid and temporary change in the…

Answered: 2. Neurons use action potentials to…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

7. You stimulate a presynaptic cell and record from the postsynaptic neuron of each pair. For each mutation below, describe the following: i) After the first stimulus, how does the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) you record from the postsynaptic neuron differ from the EPSP recorded from a wild-type animal? Does it increase, decrease, stay comparatively the same, or fail to be generated at all? ii) After five stimulations of the presynaptic cell in quick succession, how does the EPSP you record from the mutant animal differ from that in the same experiment on a wild-type animal? Explain your reasoning in each case. The mutations are as follows: 7A. Mutation of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of the presynaptic terminal. The mutant channels have a lower opening threshold.
Fill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative concentration of K and Na 2. The relative voltage across the membrane 3. Any movement across the membrane of K and NA 4. The three kinds of channels in the membrane, and their state (open or closed) 5. Finally, indicate on the graph of the AP which phases correspond to hyper- polarization and which phases correspond to de- polarization Outside Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Outside 1 Outside Inside Inside
39) what happens when the neurotransmitter binding causes Na to move into the post synaptic cell? a) neither of these b) IPSP c) EPSP d) both of these
8) The diffusion of K+ out of the cell makes the inside of the cell less positive, or more negative, and acts to restore the original resting membrane potential. This process is called: a) depolarization b) hyperpolarization c) repolarization
1..All of the following statements about initiation and transmission of action potentials in neurons are correct EXCEPT: a)The rate of transmission of an action potential is directly related to the diameter of the axon. b)Information about the intensity of a stimulus is conveyed by changes in the size of the action potential generated. c)The resting potential is maintained by differential ion permeabilities and the sodium-potassium pump. d)Once initiated, local depolarizations stimulate a moving wave of depolarization down the axon. e)A stimulus to the neuron can either depolarize or hyperpolarize the neuronal membran 2.. Neurotransmitters that affect a neuron's response to other neurotransmitters are called _______. 3.. The key substances that create an action potential are protein channels that move —- out of a cell and —-into a cell. 4.. A cell with a membrane potential of -80 milivolts is? 5.. A gland secreting its product is an example of the —- 6.. If the charge inside…
We know the action potential threshold regulates whether a neuron fires an action potential or not. What sets this threshold? Is the action potential threshold the same for all neurons? Why or why not?
1. If you block calcium channels on an axon, which will not occur? A) exocytosis of neurotransmitter B) repolarization phase of the action potential C) depolarization phase of the action potential D) hyperpolarization phase of the action potential E) graded potential
20. Explain how a chemical synapse works when a nerve meets the muscle fiber. address the following concepts -the name of the specific new transmitter, how the neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic cell into the synapse ,the action of the new transmitter on the receptor on the postsynaptic cell ,and how the levels of neurotransmitters are regulated. be specific and detailed in your response
6. If the action potentials shown in the diagram below occur sequentially and in close temporal proximity, what will be the final result in cell D? In this notation, < indicates an excitatory an inhibitory synapse. Focus on overall effects – excitation and inhibition – don't worry about quantifying responses here. (Hint: you may want to identify what is happening at each cell and then how that will be affected by the activation of the previous cell) synapse and indicates Above Above threshold stimulation Above threshold stimulation threshold stimulation D
Fluorescent FM dyes partition reversibly into biological membranes without penetrating through them. Suppose that you have neurons cultured in a dish, and you incubate them with an FM dye for a period of time before washing the cells with excess medium to remove the dye. a) You find that if you stimulate the neurons to trigger action potentials during incubation with the dye, the synaptic regions of the neurons remain fluorescent after the wash. Propose an explanation for this effect. b) After you have generated fluorescent synaptic regions by this procedure, suppose that you trigger further action potentials while continuing to wash with excess medium. Would you expect the synaptic regions to lose fluorescence? Explain.

Recommended textbooks for you

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

Biology

ISBN:

9780134580999

Author:

Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:

PEARSON

Biology 2e

Biology

ISBN:

9781947172517

Author:

Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:

OpenStax

Anatomy & Physiology

Biology

ISBN:

9781259398629

Author:

McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter

Publisher:

Mcgraw Hill Education,

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

Biology

ISBN:

9780134580999

Author:

Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:

PEARSON

Biology 2e

Biology

ISBN:

9781947172517

Author:

Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:

OpenStax

Anatomy & Physiology

Biology

ISBN:

9781259398629

Author:

McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter

Publisher:

Mcgraw Hill Education,

Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)

Biology

ISBN:

9780815344322

Author:

Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter

Publisher:

W. W. Norton & Company

Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology

Biology

ISBN:

9781260159363

Author:

Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia

Publisher:

McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.

Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)

Biology

ISBN:

9781260231700

Author:

Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht

Publisher:

McGraw Hill Education

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS