What is the "gold standard" that is currently applied to species designations in microbiology?97% between species: 50% among whole genome90% between species: 75% among whole genome99% between species; 97% among whole genome97% between species: 70% among whole genomeOnone of the above

The "gold standard" currently applied to species designations in microbiology is 95% average…

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Nucleic acid hybridization techniques have been essential tools of molecular diagnostics for plant, animal and human diseases. Describe how the following hybridization techniques are Nucleic Acid Hybridization Technique Northern Blot Western Blot Transblot Molecules involved (DNA, RNA or Protein) Steps involved Immobilization phase (Medium) Electrophoretic run (Yes or No) Confirmatory test for hybridization Detection method for hybridization Potential applications
Order the following technical steps that are required to identify a bacterium by PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. [1 mark] - Carry out thermal cycling (amplification) of the PCR - Checking the PCR product (amplication) by agarose gel electrophoresis - Purify the PCR product - Perform a DNA extraction - Sequence the PCR product(Sanger sequencing) - Grow a fresh overnigh liquid culture - Obtain a pure bacterial culture - Set up a 16S Rrna gene PCR - Perform bioinformatic analysis (BLAST)
Why is it important to label plates on the bottom rather than the lid? notes are attached below for further information
When an Avidian (with a genome size of 50 sites) reproduces with a 10% per site mutation rate, and if the number of mutations per genome is Poisson distributed, then what is the most likely outcome? Possible answers: 4 per genome is most likely, 5 per genome is most likely, 4 mutations per genome and 5 mutations per genome are equally likely, A number other than 4 and/or 5 mutations per genome is most likely
Most yeast grow suspended in culture, but some yeast grow as a film on the top of a liquid culture. These are called flor yeast. The following Southern blot is looking at the FLO11 gene that is thought to be involved in whether yeast are flor or not. DNA was isolated from four different yeast strains. Strains 1 and 3 are normal while strains 2 and 4 are flor (Fidalgo, 2006). Based on the gene map and Southern results below, what aspect of FLO11 determines whether a strain will be flor or not?
The following table are the results of spectrophotomety of extracted RNA samples (note: not all OD's reported in this table are relevant for all subsequent questions). Specrophotometry- RNA Extractions Experimental Group Replicate O0260 OD280 OD320 00360 1 0.68 0.38 0.70 0.73 2 1.35 0.75 146 1.38 1.85 1.03 1.93 1.96 1 0.68 0.38 0.80 0.85 2 180 1.00 1.96 1.98 0.96 0.53 1.11 1.18 What is the SSRNA concentration for sample A1? Select one: O a 273 ug/ml O b. 18.9 ug/ml Oc 34.1 ug/ml O d 15.1 ug/ml O e 22.5 ug/ml
The gene density for each organism is shown in the last column of this data table. Organism Size of genome (base pairs) Size of Genome (Mb) Number of Genes Gene density (genes per Mb) H. influenzae (bacterium) 1.8 million 1.8 1700 944 S. cerevisiae (yeast) 12 million 12 6300 525 E. coli (bacterium) 4.6 million 4.6 4400 957 C. elegans (roundworm) 100 million 100 20100 201 D. melanogaster (fruit fly) 165 million 165 14000 85 A. thaliana (mustard plant) 120 million 120 25500 213 O. sativa (rice) 430 million 430 42000 98 H. sapiens (human) 3.0 billion 3000 21000 7 R. norvegicus (lab rat) 2.8 billion 2800 20000 7 P. troglodytes (chimanzee) 3.1 billion 3100 20000 6. M. mulatta (macaque) 2.9 billion 2900 22000 8 O.anatinus (duck-billed platypus) 1.8 billion 1800 18500 10 P. persica (peach) 227 million 227 27900 123 Use the table to identify three statements that are true regarding the genomes of organisms. More complex organisms (e.g., vertebrates) generally have larger genome sizes. An…
The results of the diagram (Agarose electrophoresis photodocumentation and quantification table) correspond to the information for 4 samples of genomic DNA extracted from plant tissue. With which sample (s) could a PCR be performed to amplify a 100 pb region? Al A2 АЗ А4 ID DNA 260 nm 260 nm (pb) 10,000 sample (ng/uL) 280 m 230 nm A1 170 1.9 2.0 А2 180 1.5 1.5 5,000 АЗ 170 1.7 1.5 А4 170 1.9 2.0 1,000 500 100 choose the best option: а. All b. None с. А2 d. A1, A2 е. А1
Which of the following is not a reason we often perform metagenomics studies by doing PCR using long degenerate primers for the 16S gene? Eliminates issue of having to randomly fragment DNA for sequencing (which can sometimes be tricky to optimize) All microorganisms have a 16S gene It is taxonomically informative and allows you to identify taxa using a database You can estimate relative taxa abundance by relative read abundance, avoiding genome size bias. You can make a phylogeny allowing you to do diversity analyses 16S has conserved regions and the primers used allow for some sequence variation, so we can amplify the region from different taxa efficiently using PCR
Linkage maps in an Hfr bacterial strain are calculated in units of minutes (the number of minutes between genes indicates the length of time that it takes for the second gene to follow the first in conjugation). In making such maps, microbial geneticists assume that the bacterial chromosome is transferred from Hfr to F − at a constant rate. Thus, two genes separated by 10 minutes near the origin end are assumed to be the same physical distance apart as two genes separated by 10 minutes near the F −attachment end. Suggest a critical experiment to test the validity of this assumption.
The presence (+) or absence (−) of six sequences in each of five bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones (A–E) is indicated in the following table. Using these markers, put the BAC clones in their correct order and indicate the locations of the numbered sequences within them. Sequences BAC clone 1 2 3 4 5 6 A + − − − + − B − − − + − + C − + + − − − D − − + − + − E + − − + − −
i need help finding the answer in the article How does the amount of antibiotics used at the farms tested compare with other farms around the world? What about the variety?

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What is the "gold standard" that is currently applied to species designations in microbiology? 97% between species: 50% among whole genome 90% between species: 75% among whole genome 99% between species; 97% among whole genome 97% between species: 70% among whole genome Onone of the above