Biochemistry topicPlease help with the followingquestion. Thank you!Draw the process of glycolysisstarting with glucose-6-phosphate.Use little circles for the carbon atoms,giving only the relevant functionalgroups. Indicate which reactions areirreversible. Indicate which reactionswould control the flux of the pathway.

Here is correct drown glycolysis diagram start with (Glucose-6-Phosphate) as mentioned in the…

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Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter24: Lipid Biosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5P

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Effects of Changing Metabolite Concentrations on Glycolysis In an erythrocyte undergoing glycolysis what would be the effect of a sudden increase in the concentration of a. AÎ¤P? b. AMP? c. fructose-1.6-bisphosphate? d. fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate? e. citrate? f. glucose-6-phospthate?
Understanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.
Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis 14C-labeled carbon dioxide is administered to a green plant, and shortly thereafter the following compounds are isolated from the plant: 3-phosphoglycerate, glucose, erythrose-4-phosphate, sedoheptulose-1 .7-bisphosphate, and ribose-5-phosphate. In which carbon atoms will radioactivity be found?
How Is Metabolism Regulated? (Integrates with Chapter 15.) Metabolic regulation is achieved via regulating enzyme activity in three prominent ways: allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and enzyme synthesis and degradation. Which of the.se three modes of regulation is likely to be the quickest; which the .slowest? For each of these general enzyme regulatory mechanisms, cite conditions in which cells might employ that mode in preference to either of the other two.
Comparing Glycolysis Entry Points for Sucrose Sucrose can enter glycolysis by either of two routes: Sucrose phosphorylase: Sucrose + Pi fructose + glucose-1-phosphate Invertase: Sucrose + H20 fructose + glucose Would either of these reactions offer Jin advantage over the other In the preparation of hexoses fur entry into glycolysis?
RECALL Many components of the glycolytic pathway and the citric acid cycle are direct exit or entry points to metabolic pathways of other substances. Indicate another pathway available to the following compounds: (a) Fructose-6-phosphate (b) Oxaloacetate (c) Glucose-6-phosphate (d) Acetyl-CoA (e) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (f) -Ketoglutarate (g) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (h) Succinyl-CoA (i) 3-Phosphoglycerate (j) Fumarate (k) Phosphoenolpyruvate (l) Citrate (m) Pyruvate
Assessing the Effect of Active-Site Phosphorylation on Enzyme Activity (Integrates with Chapter 15.) The serine residue of isocitrate dehydroenase that is phosphorylated by protein kinase lies within the active site of the enzyme. This situation contrasts with most other examples of coa1ent modification by protein phosphorylation. where the phosphorylation occurs at a sate remote from the active site. What direct effect do you think such active-site phosphorylation might have on the catalytic activity of isocitrate dehydrogcn.ise? (Sec Barford, D., 1991. Molecular mechanisms for the control of enzymic activity by protein phosphorytation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1133:55â€”62.)
Explaining the Stoichiometry of Fatty Acid Synthesis Carefully count and account for each of the atoms and charges in the equations for the synthesis of palmitoyl-CoA, the synthesis of malonyl-CoA, and the overall reaction for the synthesis of palmitoyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA.
Energetic of Fructose-1 ,6-bis P Hydrolysis (Integrates with Chapter 3.) The standard free energy change (G) for hydrolysis of fructose-1. 6-bisphosphate (FBP) to fructose-S-phosphate (F-6-P) and P: is -16.7 KJ/mol: FBP + H2O fructose-6-P + Pi The standard free energy change (G) for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 KJ/mol: ATP + H2O ADP + Pj What is the standard free energy change for the phosphofructokinase reaction: ATP + fructose-6-P ADP + FBP b. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction? c. Assuming the intracellular concentrations of [ATP] and (ADP] are maintained constant at 4 mM and 1.6 mM, respectively, in a rat liver cell, what will be the ratio of [FBP]/[fructose-6-P] when the phosphofructokinase reaction reaches equilibrium?
RECALL Several of the enzymes of glycolysis fall into classes that we will see often in metabolism. What reaction types are catalyzed by each of the following: (a) Kinases (b) Isomerases (c) Aldolases (d) Dehydrogenases
The Reactions and Meehanisms of the Leloir Pathway Write the reactions that permit galactose to be utilized in glycolysis. Write a suitable mechanism, tor one of these reactions.
Distinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.

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