Concept explainers
Energetic of Fructose-1 ,6-bis P Hydrolysis (Integrates with Chapter 3.)
The standard free energy change (
6-bisphosphate (FBP) to fructose-S-phosphate (F-6-P) and P: is
-16.7 KJ/mol:
FBP + H2O
The standard free energy change (
-30.5 KJ/mol:
ATP + H2O
- What is the standard free energy change for the phosphofructokinase reaction:
ATP + fructose-6-P
b. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction?
c. Assuming the intracellular concentrations of [ATP] and (ADP] are maintained constant at 4 mM and 1.6 mM, respectively, in a rat liver cell, what will be the ratio of [FBP]/[fructose-6-P] when the phosphofructokinase reaction reaches equilibrium?
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Biochemistry
- P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP“).The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP): ATP* (aq) + H,O() → ADP* (aq) + HPO (aq) + H,O*(aq) At pH = 7.0 and 37°C (310K, blood temperature) the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are A,H =-20kJ mol and A,G=-31 kJ mol", respectively. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of 1 mol ATP“(aq) results in the extraction of up to 31kJ of energy that can be used to do non- expansion work, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, muscular contraction, and the activation of neuronal circuits in our brains. (a) Calculate and account for the sign of the entropy of hydrolysis of ATP at pH = 7.0 and 310K. (b) Suppose that the radius of a typical biological cell is 10µm and that inside it 1x 10ʻ ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of…arrow_forward6-25 substrate-band enzyme concentrations. The the turnover number is equal to umax- b) V=Umax •57(Km+S) anstont For an enzyme that displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics, what is the reaction velocity, V (as a percentage of Vmax), observed at the following values? a) [S] = KM C) d) e) [S] = 0.5KM [S] = = 0.1KM [S] = 2KM [S] = 10KM w reactores -maximumrate of reaction boteles conc. Would you expect the structure of a competitive inhibitor of a given enzyme to be similar to that of its substrate?arrow_forwardTracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis 14C-labeled carbon dioxide is administered to a green plant, and shortly thereafter the following compounds are isolated from the plant: 3-phosphoglycerate, glucose, erythrose-4-phosphate, sedoheptulose-1 .7-bisphosphate, and ribose-5-phosphate. In which carbon atoms will radioactivity be found?arrow_forward
- Approximately how much does staphylococcal nuclease (Table) decrease the activation free energy ΔG‡ of its reaction (the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond) at 25°C?arrow_forwardnot true about the Michaelis-Menten equation? The equation that gives the rate, v, of an the substrate concentration [S] is the Michaelis-Menten equation = Vmax[S]/(Km + [S]), where V, enzyme-catalyzed reaction for all values of max and Km are constants. Which of the following is a) for [S] << Km, V = Vmax applies to most enzymes, but allosteric enzymes have different kinetics when [S] = Km, then v = Vmax/2 gives the rate when the enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and ionic strength are constant for very high values of [S], v approaches Vmax e) Which is correct about the constant Km in the Michaelis-Menten equation? also called the catalytic constant or turnover number equal to the number of product molecules produced per unit time when the enzyme is saturated with substrate it is the constant in the first order rate equation v = k[A] it is the constant in the second order rate equation v = equal to the substrate concentration at which the velocity or rate of a reaction is ½ the…arrow_forwardThe conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in the glycolytic pathway (Choose all that apply) O positions a carbonyl group on carbon 2 of fructose-1-phosphate O positions an amino group NH2 on carbon 3 of fructose-1-phosphate O positions a carbonyl group on carbon 3 of fructose-1-phosphate O is an aldose-keto isomerization O positions a primary alcohol function at carbon C-1 that facilitates phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate O is a keto-aldose isomerization O positions an amino group NH2 on carbon 2 of fructose-1-phosphatearrow_forward
- . Recall your study of equilibria and kinetics from general chemistry. You used equations with upper case Kand lower case k during the study of equilibria and kinetics respectively. What do the upper and lower case letters refer to?arrow_forwardBiosynthesis of fatty acid 20:D6 from acetyl-CoA occurs in the __________ of mammalian cells. Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum Both A and B Neither A nor B Assuming all three carbon atoms of glycerol are labeled as C14 radioisotopes and the radioisotope-labeled glycerol undergoes metabolism in animals. All of the following molecules in the animal maycontain C14 radioisotopes EXCEPT: Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Glutamine Fatty acids Oxaloacetate All of the above molecules may contain C14 radioisotopearrow_forwardProtein,nfolded Proteinţolded Under certain conditions, a specific protein has the following thermodynamic parameters for going from the unfolded state to the folded state: AH = – 300 kJ/mol, and TAS = – 400 kJ/mol. Under those conditions, the equilibrium would lie more toward neither would predominate - the fraction of total protein that's folded would = fraction unfolded. the folded state the unfolded state O It is impossible to predict the position of the equilibrium from AH and TAS.arrow_forward
- An enzyme-catalyzes the isomerization of substrate S to product P. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 120,000 g/mol. In assays using 1 μg of enzyme per assay the Km was 3 x 10^-3M and the Vmax was 2.75 μmole per minute. What would be the Kcat (turnover number or molecular activity) of the enzyme under these conditions? 2.75 min^-1? 3,300,000 min^-1? 330,000 s^-1? 19,800,000 min^-1? 5,500 s^-1?arrow_forwardO BIOCHEMISTRY Understanding major biochemical energy storage and release. A certain anabolic biochemical reaction A has AG- 17.8 kJ mol , and is always coupled to another reaction B, which has two reactants and two products, I this: R + R2 P + P2 The molecule in the drawing area below is either R, or P. • If it's R, change it into P. But if it's P, change it into R. • In either case, draw the molecule as it would exist at physiological pH. • Also please answer the questions about Reaction B in the table below. OR, Was the molecule in the drawing area R, or P, before you changed it? What is R? Enter its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: What is P2? Enter its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: O BIOCHEMISTRY Understanding major biochemical energy storage and release.. ODO its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: NH, -CH N. H OH OH ...... to IIIarrow_forwardptidase varying given below. of ATP ge 8 of 18 b) Match each item of Column A with the most appropriate item of column B. Rewrite the correct pairs by writing the number and corresponding alphabet in your answer sheet Column A 1. Syncytial 2. Velamen 3. NAD and FAD 4. GABA 5. Acetylcholine 6. Osteoclasts 7. Fibrous cartilage 8. Light reaction 9. ETC 10. Kreb cycle Column B a) Excitatory neurotransmitter b) Inhibitory neurotransmitter c) Bone phagocytes d) Resist compression e) Electron acceptor f) Multinucleated animal cell g) Substrate level photophosphorylation h) Photophosphorylation i) Oxidative photophosphorylation j) Multinucleated plant cell. k) Proton tunnel 1) Ion channel m) Modified epidermis to absorb water. c) Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/words. i. The source of electron in photosynthesis [5] Sun glucose ii. The thick acidic mixture of gastric juice and semi-digested food that passes from stomach to small intestine is BCS/MIDTERM/BIOLOGY/2024 Page 9 of 18arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning