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3. DNA polymerase made a mistake and added a C on the DNA template strand. In the space on the mRNA sequence below, write the added base. (Remember that the DNA template and mRNA are complementary. Mark the codons again and write the amino acid sequence beneath them. What do you observe? (5') CGUUACAAUGUAU_CGCGCGGUACUCGGCAAAGUGCCCUGAAUAGAGUUGGUA 3' On this mRNA codon table, the first nucleotide in codon is to the left, the second is above, and third is to the right. the omingood tRNA U U Phe Phe Leu C Ser Ser Ser A G Tyr Cys U Tyr C Cys STOP STOP A

3. DNA polymerase made a mistake and added a C on the DNA template strand. In the space on the mRNA sequence below, write the added base. (Remember that the DNA template and mRNA are complementary. Mark the codons again and write the amino acid sequence beneath them. What do you observe? (5') CGUUACAAUGUAU_CGCGCGGUACUCGGCAAAGUGCCCUGAAUAGAGUUGGUA 3' On this mRNA codon table, the first nucleotide in codon is to the left, the second is above, and third is to the right. the omingood tRNA U U Phe Phe Leu C Ser Ser Ser A G Tyr Cys U Tyr C Cys STOP STOP A

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Transcription and Explanation for Educational Website** **3. DNA polymerase made a mistake and added a C on the DNA template strand.** - mRNA Sequence: (This sequence is to be written complementarily to the DNA template, but with the addition of the 'C'.) `5' CGUUACAAGUAU_CGCGCGGUACUCGGCAAAGUGCCCUCAAUAGAGUUGGUA 3'` **Task:** Write the added base on the mRNA sequence, mark the codons again, and write the amino acid sequence beneath them. **Observation:** - Using the mRNA codon table provided: - On this **mRNA codon table**, the first nucleotide in the codon is on the left, the second is above, and the third is to the right. This table is used to translate mRNA sequences into amino acids. **4. A mutation in the gene encoding the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for valine (VAL) causes the tRNA binding site to have the wrong shape.** - In its new (mutant) shape, the enzyme can bind tRNAs for VAL and leucine (LEU) (not at the same time but enzymes work fast, and there are many of them). a. **Question:** In cells with this mutant tRNA synthetase, will the protein product of translation match the original one you deduced in question 2? - **Circle one: (YES / NO).** b. **If not, how does it differ?** c. **Question:** How many different versions of the short polypeptide will exist in this mutant cell? **Graph/Diagram Explanation:** The diagram includes an mRNA codon table showing the translation of mRNA codons into amino acids. Each row corresponds to the first nucleotide, each column to the second, and within the box, options for the third nucleotide are shown. Amino acids are abbreviated (e.g., Phe for Phenylalanine, Val for Valine). This assignment requires students to consider the effects of a mutation on protein translation and explore how reading the codon table allows for the determination of the resulting polypeptide sequence.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription and Explanation for Educational Website** **3. DNA polymerase made a mistake and added a C on the DNA template strand.** - mRNA Sequence: (This sequence is to be written complementarily to the DNA template, but with the addition of the 'C'.) `5' CGUUACAAGUAU_CGCGCGGUACUCGGCAAAGUGCCCUCAAUAGAGUUGGUA 3'` **Task:** Write the added base on the mRNA sequence, mark the codons again, and write the amino acid sequence beneath them. **Observation:** - Using the mRNA codon table provided: - On this **mRNA codon table**, the first nucleotide in the codon is on the left, the second is above, and the third is to the right. This table is used to translate mRNA sequences into amino acids. **4. A mutation in the gene encoding the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for valine (VAL) causes the tRNA binding site to have the wrong shape.** - In its new (mutant) shape, the enzyme can bind tRNAs for VAL and leucine (LEU) (not at the same time but enzymes work fast, and there are many of them). a. **Question:** In cells with this mutant tRNA synthetase, will the protein product of translation match the original one you deduced in question 2? - **Circle one: (YES / NO).** b. **If not, how does it differ?** c. **Question:** How many different versions of the short polypeptide will exist in this mutant cell? **Graph/Diagram Explanation:** The diagram includes an mRNA codon table showing the translation of mRNA codons into amino acids. Each row corresponds to the first nucleotide, each column to the second, and within the box, options for the third nucleotide are shown. Amino acids are abbreviated (e.g., Phe for Phenylalanine, Val for Valine). This assignment requires students to consider the effects of a mutation on protein translation and explore how reading the codon table allows for the determination of the resulting polypeptide sequence.
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