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Fill in the following information for making the following polypeptide (the codon chart is below). Transcribe & Translate the following strand of DNA DNA A C G MRNA Amino acid (abbreviation) 6. Fill in the following information for mutated DNA (the codon chart is below) Transcribe & Translate the following strand of mutated DNA DNA A G mRNA Amino acid (abbreviation)

Fill in the following information for making the following polypeptide (the codon chart is below). Transcribe & Translate the following strand of DNA DNA A C G MRNA Amino acid (abbreviation) 6. Fill in the following information for mutated DNA (the codon chart is below) Transcribe & Translate the following strand of mutated DNA DNA A G mRNA Amino acid (abbreviation)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Genetic Code Wheel** **Introduction:** The Genetic Code Wheel displays the relationship between codons (triplets of nucleotides) and their corresponding amino acids in the process of translation during protein synthesis. By starting at the center and moving outward, one can decode RNA sequences into amino acids. **Description:** - **Center (Start)**: The very center of the wheel is labeled "START HERE". - **First Circle (Nucleotides)**: Moving outward from the center, the first circle contains the four RNA nucleotides: A (adenine), U (uracil), G (guanine), and C (cytosine). - **Second Circle (Second Nucleotide)**: The second circle repeats the four RNA nucleotides and helps in determining the second base of the codon as you move outward. - **Third Circle (Third Nucleotide)**: The third circle again has the four RNA nucleotides for the third and final base of the codon. - **Outer Circle (Amino Acids)**: The outermost circle shows the amino acids to which each codon sequence translates. Each amino acid is represented by its three-letter abbreviation, full name, and sometimes includes the single-letter abbreviation. **Usage Example:** To find which amino acid a specific codon codes for, start at the center: - Decide the first base of the codon and follow the line to the corresponding letter in the first circle. - Move outward to the second circle to match the second base. - Move further outward to match the third base in the third circle. - Reading outward, you will find the amino acid encoded by the specific codon. For example, observing "GAC" and "GAU": - Start with G in the first circle. - Follow G outward to the second circle where A is assigned. - Move to the third circle where C or U is and read the amino acid labeled on the outermost circle. - Both GAC and GAU code for Aspartic acid (Asp). **Key Features:** - **START Codon**: AUG, which codes for Methionine (Met), is marked in green and indicates the starting point for translation. - **STOP Codons**: UAA, UAG, and UGA do not code for an amino acid but signal the termination of translation, marked in red. This Genetic Code Wheel is a helpful tool for understanding how nucleotide triplets
Transcribed Image Text:**Genetic Code Wheel** **Introduction:** The Genetic Code Wheel displays the relationship between codons (triplets of nucleotides) and their corresponding amino acids in the process of translation during protein synthesis. By starting at the center and moving outward, one can decode RNA sequences into amino acids. **Description:** - **Center (Start)**: The very center of the wheel is labeled "START HERE". - **First Circle (Nucleotides)**: Moving outward from the center, the first circle contains the four RNA nucleotides: A (adenine), U (uracil), G (guanine), and C (cytosine). - **Second Circle (Second Nucleotide)**: The second circle repeats the four RNA nucleotides and helps in determining the second base of the codon as you move outward. - **Third Circle (Third Nucleotide)**: The third circle again has the four RNA nucleotides for the third and final base of the codon. - **Outer Circle (Amino Acids)**: The outermost circle shows the amino acids to which each codon sequence translates. Each amino acid is represented by its three-letter abbreviation, full name, and sometimes includes the single-letter abbreviation. **Usage Example:** To find which amino acid a specific codon codes for, start at the center: - Decide the first base of the codon and follow the line to the corresponding letter in the first circle. - Move outward to the second circle to match the second base. - Move further outward to match the third base in the third circle. - Reading outward, you will find the amino acid encoded by the specific codon. For example, observing "GAC" and "GAU": - Start with G in the first circle. - Follow G outward to the second circle where A is assigned. - Move to the third circle where C or U is and read the amino acid labeled on the outermost circle. - Both GAC and GAU code for Aspartic acid (Asp). **Key Features:** - **START Codon**: AUG, which codes for Methionine (Met), is marked in green and indicates the starting point for translation. - **STOP Codons**: UAA, UAG, and UGA do not code for an amino acid but signal the termination of translation, marked in red. This Genetic Code Wheel is a helpful tool for understanding how nucleotide triplets
# Transcription and Translation Exercise ## Objective: Fill in the following information to transcribe and translate a DNA sequence into a polypeptide. ### 5. Polypeptide Synthesis (using the codon chart below) **Instructions:** 1. Transcribe the given DNA sequence into mRNA. 2. Translate the mRNA sequence into the corresponding amino acids using the codon chart. **Table 1:** | | T | A | C | A | G | C | G | T | |--------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----| | **DNA** | | | | | | | | | | **mRNA** | | | | | | | | | | **Amino acid (abbreviation)** | | | | | | | | | ### 6. Mutated DNA Sequence (using the codon chart below) **Instructions:** 1. Transcribe the mutated DNA sequence into mRNA. 2. Translate the mRNA sequence into the corresponding amino acids using the codon chart. **Table 2:** | | T | A | C | A | G | A | G | T | |--------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----| | **DNA** | | | | | | | | | | **mRNA** | | | | | | | | | | **Amino acid (abbreviation)** | | | | | | | | | ### Notes: - DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the instructions for making proteins. - mRNA (Messenger Ribonucleic Acid) serves as the template for protein synthesis. - Each set of three nucleotides in mRNA (codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid. **Codon Chart:** ``` Note: A codon chart is needed for the translation process. ``` Use the corresponding codon chart from your educational resources to complete the tables. --- This exercise helps understand the process of transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to polypeptide
Transcribed Image Text:# Transcription and Translation Exercise ## Objective: Fill in the following information to transcribe and translate a DNA sequence into a polypeptide. ### 5. Polypeptide Synthesis (using the codon chart below) **Instructions:** 1. Transcribe the given DNA sequence into mRNA. 2. Translate the mRNA sequence into the corresponding amino acids using the codon chart. **Table 1:** | | T | A | C | A | G | C | G | T | |--------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----| | **DNA** | | | | | | | | | | **mRNA** | | | | | | | | | | **Amino acid (abbreviation)** | | | | | | | | | ### 6. Mutated DNA Sequence (using the codon chart below) **Instructions:** 1. Transcribe the mutated DNA sequence into mRNA. 2. Translate the mRNA sequence into the corresponding amino acids using the codon chart. **Table 2:** | | T | A | C | A | G | A | G | T | |--------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----| | **DNA** | | | | | | | | | | **mRNA** | | | | | | | | | | **Amino acid (abbreviation)** | | | | | | | | | ### Notes: - DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the instructions for making proteins. - mRNA (Messenger Ribonucleic Acid) serves as the template for protein synthesis. - Each set of three nucleotides in mRNA (codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid. **Codon Chart:** ``` Note: A codon chart is needed for the translation process. ``` Use the corresponding codon chart from your educational resources to complete the tables. --- This exercise helps understand the process of transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to polypeptide
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