The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written. Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below. Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH 4 , LiAlH 4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH 4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain regents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon.

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3. Propose a synthesis for the following transformation. Do not draw an arrow-pushing mechanism below, but make sure to draw the product of each proposed step (3 points). CN + En CN

3) Propagation of uncertainty. Every measurement has uncertainty. In this problem, we'll evaluate the uncertainty in every step of a titration of potassium hydrogen phthalate (a common acid used in titrations, abbreviated KHP, formula CsH5KO4) with NaOH of an unknown concentration. The calculation that ultimately needs to be carried out is: concentration NaOH 1000 x mass KHP × purity KHP molar mass KHP x volume NaOH Measurements: a) You use a balance to weigh 0.3992 g of KHP. The uncertainty is ±0.15 mg (0.00015 g). b) You use a buret to slowly add NaOH to the KHP until it reaches the endpoint. It takes 18.73 mL of NaOH. The uncertainty of the burst is 0.03 mL.. c) The manufacturer states the purity of KHP is 100%±0.05%. d) Even though we don't think much about them, molar masses have uncertainty as well. The uncertainty comes from the distribution of isotopes, rather than random measurement error. The uncertainty in the elements composing KHP are: a. Carbon: b. Hydrogen: ±0.0008…

Don't used hand raiting and don't used Ai solution

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain regents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain regents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain regents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain regents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon. The work up finally yields alcohol as illustrated below:

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain regents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 .

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction:The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain regents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 .

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The mechanism for formation of product in indicated reaction should be written.

Concept introduction: The carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.

Thus it can undergo hydride addition at carbon and proton addition at oxygen. Certain reagents that are useful for such hydride addition at carbonyl carbon include NaBH4 , LiAlH4 . The aluminum and lithium in these reagents such as LiAlH4 tend to push the electron of Al-H bond towards carbonyl carbon.

Answer 14

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8.1E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8.2E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 8.4TIY Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 8.5E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 8.6E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 8.7E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.10E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.11E

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism for formation of alcohol product in indicated reaction. The carbonyl bond is polar with partial positive and partial negative charges.

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Chapter 8 Solutions