Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 14P
The steady-state kinetics of an enzyme are studied the absence and presence of an inhibitor (Inhibitor A). The initial rate is given as a function of substrate concentration in the following table:
a. What kind of inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive. or mixed) is involved?
b. Determine Vmax and KM the absence and presence of inhibitor.
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The same enzyme as studied in the presence of a different inhibitor (inhibitor B). In this case, two different concentrations of inhibitor are used. Data are as follows: (a) What kind of inhibitor is inhibitor B?(b) Determine the apparent Vmax and KM at each inhibitor concentration.(c) Estimate K1 from these data.
the kinetics of an enzyme were analyzed in the absence of inhibitors, as well as in the presence of inhibitor A and inhibitor B. Using the given data below, construct or calculate the following (make sure the label graphs with appropriate axes and equations, and circle final answers)
plot 1[S] as abscissa and 1/v as ordinate for both catalyzed reaction and reaction with inhibitor. Use the same graph for both plots
Calculate the;
Km of enzyme in the reaction without inhibitor
Km of the enzyme in the reaction with inhibitor (A dnB)
Vmax of the uninhibited reaction
Vmax of the inhibited reaction (A and B)
What kind of inhibitor (A and B) was added to the enzyme-catalyzed reaction? Explain in terms of changes in Km and Vmax
Estimate the Km and Vmax in the absence and in the presence of inhibitors
Determine what type of inhibitors A and B are. Explain your answer.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1PCh. 8 - The enzyme urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea...Ch. 8 - An enzyme contains an active site aspartic acid...Ch. 8 - The folding and unfolding rate constants for a...Ch. 8 - In some reactions, in which a protein molecule is...Ch. 8 - Would you expect an “enzyme” designed to bind to...Ch. 8 - The initial rate for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction...Ch. 8 - a. If the total enzyme concentration in Problem 7...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9PCh. 8 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 8 - The following data describe the catalysis of...Ch. 8 - At 37 oC, the serine protease subtilisin has kcat...Ch. 8 - The accompanying figure shows three...Ch. 8 - The steady-state kinetics of an enzyme are studied...Ch. 8 - The same enzyme as in Problem 14 is studied in the...Ch. 8 - Enalapril is an anti-hypertension “pro-drug"...Ch. 8 - Initial rate data for an enzyme that obeys...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18PCh. 8 - Suggest the effects of each of the following...Ch. 8 - The inhibitory effect of an uncompetitive...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21PCh. 8 - Prob. 22PCh. 8 - Prob. 23PCh. 8 - In kinetics experiments, the hydrolysis of the...
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- Note the Michaelis Menton kinetics results of inhibition by inhibitor A and by B, separately. Normal enzyme Inhibitor A Convert these to lineweaver burke in graphs below. -5+ -4 Inhibitor B -3+ -2 Effect of Inhibitor A. Draw uninhibited first and then draw the result- ing inhibition for comparison. What kind of an inhibitor is A? How can you tell? Effect of Inhibitor B. Draw uninhibited first and then draw the result- ing inhibition for comparison. What kind of an inhibitor is B? How can you tell?arrow_forwardThe steady-state kinetics of an enzyme are studied in the absence and presence of an inhibitor (inhibitor A). The initial rate is given as a function of substrate concentration in the following table: v[(mmol/L)min- [S] (mmol/L) No inhibitor Inhibitor A 1.25 1.72 0.98 1.67 2.04 1.17 2.50 2.63 1.47 5.00 3.33 1.96 10.00 4.17 2.38 (a) What kind of inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive, or mixed) is involved? (b) Determine Vmax and Ky in the absence and presence of inhibitor.arrow_forwardThe kinetics of an enzyme were measured as a function of substrate concentration in the presence or absence of 10-4 M inhibitor. The following initial rate data were obtained: Substrate (So µM/L) 3 5 Velocity (Vo, µmol/L-min) Without inhibition 10 30 90 10.4 14.5 4.5 6.8 8.1 Is this a competitive or noncompetitive inhibition? Evaluate KM, KI, and Vmax. (HINT: use linear regression to first estimate kinetic parameters for uninhibited and then for the inhibited) With inhibition 2.1 2.9 22.5 33.8 40.5arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast Bound Fraction equation in ligand binding and Michaelis-Menten equation in enzyme kinetics, including their double-reciprocal forms. Discuss what Km is important for and what Vmax (or kcat) is important for? Under what (substrate) conditions is Km more important than Vmax, and under what (substrate) conditions is Vmax more important than Km? Based on the discussions in question 2, explain what type of inhibitors works best under (a) high substrate concentration and (b) low substrate concentration.arrow_forwardThe characterization of an enzyme usually includes the determination of key kinetic parameters. Indicate which of the following statements are true. (This is a multi- select question ). KM is useful to when comparing different substrates, and how well they bind to the enzyme's active site. Kcat is a useful indicator of an enzyme's speed at 1/2 V Vm max is the maximal initial velocity of the enzyme when it is saturated with substrate. An enzyme is considered to approach "catalytic perfection" if it rarely makes an error. Enzymes are usually studied after boiling them in buffer, to remove the chance that contaminating microorganisms are responsible for the observed catalytic events.arrow_forwardThe accompanying figure shows three Lineweaver–Burk plots for enzymereactions that have been carried out in the presence, or absence, of aninhibitor. Indicate what type of inhibition is predicted based on eachLineweaver–Burk plot. For each plot indicate which line corresponds to thereaction without inhibitor and which line corresponds to the reaction withinhibitor present.arrow_forward
- Many enzyme -catalyzed reactions are consistent with a modified version of the Michaelis -Menten mechanism in which the second step is also reversible. For this mechanism obtain an expression for the rate of formation of product and find its limiting behavior for large and small concentrations of substrate using steady state approximationarrow_forwardIn an enzyme kinetics study, three inhibitors resulted to the following results: Inhibitor ABC Inhibitor XYZ Inhibitor PQR Without Inhibitor V 40.2 mM/sec 40.3 mM/sec 12.32 mM/sec 65.43 mM/sec max K 24.3 mM 28.5 mM 24.3 mM 15.7 mM c. The inhibition occurred at 37.0o°c. Assuming that the temperature increased to 37.5°c, what will happen to the V XYZ? Why do you say so? Provide illustrations using appropriate dimensions in the x and K in the chemical system involving inhibitor max and y axes.arrow_forwardConsider this intermediate in the derivation of the Michaelis-Menten equation. [E] [S] [ES| k-1 + kz km Assume that k is negligible compared to the other rate constants. If the k is very small, it suggests that the enzyme has a Select an option affinity for its substrate, while if the if the km is very large, it suggests that the enzyme has a Select an option. affinity for its substrate. Select an option Submit You have used 0 of high Sav low moderatearrow_forward
- You will perform the protocol below for the calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIP) provided. For each reaction, your final enzyme concentration should be 10 nM CIP. Note: Enzymes purchased are typically labelled with their “units of activity” (U), as this relates to how much enzyme is needed to catalyze a reaction. The 100 nM CIP provided has approximately 3 U/mL and was diluted 1 in 1,000 from a 500 U/mL purchased enzyme. 1) Create a table (similar to the one below) to help you determine and keep track of what to add to each of the cuvettes in which your reactions will be measured. The five different concentrations of PNPP should be: 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 μM. Each reaction will be in a final volume of 1 mL and contain 10 nM alkaline phosphatase. Concentrations of stock solutions: 1.0 mM PNPP, 100 nM calf intestinal phosphatasearrow_forwardConsider the given data for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Determine the Vm, Km and the type of inhibition based on the given data below Substrate concentration, uM 30 50 100 300 900 slope y-intercept Complete the table below (include correct units). Experiment A Vm Km Experiment A (Initial velocity without inhibitor, uM-min) Type of Inhibition: 10.4 14.5 22.5 33.8 40.8 Experiment B (Initial velocity with inhibitor, uM-min) 5.1 7.3 13.3 25.7 37.2 Experiment Barrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true about the relationships of [S], KM, and Vmax? (Choose all that are true) As the [S] is increased, vo approaches the limiting value, Vmax KM = Vmax/2 The rate of product formed, vo, is at Vmax when [S] <<< KM KM and Vmax assist in finding the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction only if the reaction is considered irreversible.arrow_forward
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Enzyme Kinetics; Author: MIT OpenCourseWare;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXWZr3mscUo;License: Standard Youtube License