Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 15P
The same enzyme as in Problem 14 is studied in the presence of a different inhibitor (inhibitor B). In this case, two different concentrations of inhibitor are used. Data are as follows:
a. What kind of inhibitor is inhibitor B?
b. Determine the apparent Vmax and KM at each inhibitor concentration.
c. Estimate KI from these data.
14. The steady-state kinetics of an enzyme are studied the absence and presence of an inhibitor (Inhibitor A). The initial rate is given as a function of substrate concentration in the following table:
a. What kind of inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive. or mixed) is involved?
b. Determine Vmax and KM the absence and presence of inhibitor.
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Note the Michaelis Menton kinetics results of inhibition
by inhibitor A and by B, separately.
Normal enzyme
Inhibitor A
Convert these to lineweaver burke in graphs below.
-5+
-4
Inhibitor B
-3+
-2
Effect of Inhibitor A.
Draw uninhibited first and then draw the result-
ing inhibition for comparison.
What kind of an inhibitor is A? How can you
tell?
Effect of Inhibitor B.
Draw uninhibited first and then draw the result-
ing inhibition for comparison.
What kind of an inhibitor is B? How can you
tell?
In an enzyme kinetics study, three inhibitors resulted to the following results:
Inhibitor ABC
Inhibitor XYz Inhibitor PQR Without Inhibitor
V
40.2 mM/sec
40.3 mM/sec 12.32 mM/sec
65.43 mM/sec
max
K
24.3 mM
28.5 mM
24.3 mM
15.7 mM
b. What type of inhibitor is inhibitor PQR? Why do you say so?
The Lineweaver - Burk plot (Figure 1) shows an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the absence and
presence of 0.1µM inhibitor (ketoconazole).
O Estimate Vmax and Km in the absence and presence of the inhibito..
(ii) Determine the type of inhibition shown by the inhibitor. Explain.
0.1-
0.08
0.06 -
With inhibitor
0.04
0.02
Without inhibitor
0.4 -0.2
-0.02
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
1/{S\(&M-1)
1/vo (pmol-11 min)
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1PCh. 8 - The enzyme urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea...Ch. 8 - An enzyme contains an active site aspartic acid...Ch. 8 - The folding and unfolding rate constants for a...Ch. 8 - In some reactions, in which a protein molecule is...Ch. 8 - Would you expect an “enzyme” designed to bind to...Ch. 8 - The initial rate for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction...Ch. 8 - a. If the total enzyme concentration in Problem 7...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9PCh. 8 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 8 - The following data describe the catalysis of...Ch. 8 - At 37 oC, the serine protease subtilisin has kcat...Ch. 8 - The accompanying figure shows three...Ch. 8 - The steady-state kinetics of an enzyme are studied...Ch. 8 - The same enzyme as in Problem 14 is studied in the...Ch. 8 - Enalapril is an anti-hypertension “pro-drug"...Ch. 8 - Initial rate data for an enzyme that obeys...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18PCh. 8 - Suggest the effects of each of the following...Ch. 8 - The inhibitory effect of an uncompetitive...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21PCh. 8 - Prob. 22PCh. 8 - Prob. 23PCh. 8 - In kinetics experiments, the hydrolysis of the...
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- a. Estimate KM and Vmax for the uninhibited reaction from the first graph. Whatdifficulties do you find in getting accurate values?b. Make a Lineweaver-Burk (double reciprocal) plot to determine KM and Vmax again.What advantages do you see with the second method? c. Use the Lineweaver-Burk method and the table of data for the inhibitors to determine the kind of inhibition for each inhibitor.arrow_forwardA junior student performed an experiment to found Ki values for 3 different competitive inhibitors. The results are 5, 1 and 0,2 . Please answer the questions:a. Which inhibitor has higher affinity for the enzyme?b. If the student uses equal concentrations of inhibitor in each trial, which inhibitor gives the smallest Km value?arrow_forwardThe change in the amount of product B in a reaction which is catalyzed by Enzyme A is given in the table below. Determine the Vmax and Km of the enzyme in the absence and presence of C. Is C an inhibitor or an activator of enzyme A? Determine the type of inhibition or activation. Rate of formation of Product B in the presence of 25 mg/mL C (mM/min) Substrate Rate of formation of (mM) Product B (mM/min) 0.5 21.5 14.1 1 30.2 22.2 1.5 34.9 27.0 2.5 39.8 33.1 3.5 42.0 36.3arrow_forward
- a. Calculate both Vmax and KM for the control using Lineweaver-Burk curve. b. Provide the type of inhibition for both? Find, KI, for the inhibitor binding to the enzyme, for experiments (2) and (3). d. Calculate the reaction Kcat for the Control in experiment (1). e. Draw a velocity versus [S] showing Michaelis-Menten curve for the Control. Clearly show Vmax and Ky for the enzyme. c. (1) V. [(umol/(ml.s)] 7.6 (2) V- Τ (μmol/ (ml.s)] [S] (mM) (3) V. [(umol/(ml.s)] 6.6 2 4 14.6 26.6 45.8 4.4 8.6 16.4 29.8 11.4 17.8 24.6 28.2 16 24 60 40.8arrow_forward1. Make a Lineweaver-Burk plot and use the plot to complete the information in the table and the following questions. a. Is it possible for the enzyme to overcome the effect of the inhibitor in question from the chart. Explain. b. What prevents this enzyme from being an even more catalytically efficient enzyme? c. What do single molecule data indicate about the validity of ensemble data?d. What is the reason that humans are insensitive to sulfa drugs?arrow_forwarda. What is the Vmax of this enzyme WITHOUT inhibitor? Please show your work. b. What is the Km of this enzyme WITHOUT inhibitor? Please show your work. c. The specificity constant of enzyme X is 8 x 10^7 /(M * seconds) What is the kcat of enzyme X WITHOUT inhibitor? Please show your work d. What was the concentration of enzyme used for measuring the kinetics of enzyme X WITHOUT inhibitor? Please show your workarrow_forward
- Match the different names for inhibition mechanisms (1-5) with a description of their properties 7a-7d: 1. competitive inhibitor. 2. allosteric inhibitor also known as non-competitive inhibitor. 3. un-competitive inhibitor. 4. affinity label also known as active site directed covalent (irreversible) enzyme inhibitor. 5. Kcat inhibitor, also known as a mechanism-based covalent (irreversible) enzyme inhibitor. 4a. An enzyme inhibitor in which a substrate or competitive inhibitor is modified so that it contains a chemically reactive electrophile which can bind to and subsequently react with the enzyme active site: 4b. An enzyme inhibitor that contains latent reactive group that upon binding followed by catalytic turnover at the enzyme active site produces a reactive electrophile that reacts covalently with the enzyme: 4c. A reversible inhibitor that competes with the substrate for binding to the enzyme active site: 4d. A reversible inhibitor that can bind independently of substrate to its…arrow_forwardAn enzyme is present at a concentration of 1 nM and has a Vmax of 2 µM s-'. The Km for its primary substrate is 4 µM. Calculate kcat- kcat Calculate the apparent Vmax and apparent Km of this enzyme in the presence of sufficient amounts of an uncompetitive inhibitor to generate an a' of 2. Assume that the enzyme concentration remains at 1 nM. apparent Vmax µM s-1 apparent Km = µMarrow_forward1. A. Estimate from the graph what the Vmax is for the enzyme without inhibitor present (black circles) and in the presence of the inhibitor (green squares). B. Estimate the Km from the graph without inhibitor present (black circles) and in the presence of the inhibitor (green squares). C. Based on the data, what type of reversible inhibitor do you think was used? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- A. Lineweaver-Burk plot of the enzyme with increasing amounts of substrate in the absence or the presence of the inhibitor is shown below. Graph A : x-intercept Graph B : x-intercept = - 0.012, y-intercept = 0.8 Graph C : x-intercept = - 0.027, y-intercept = 0.8 Graph D : x-intercept = - 0.039, y-intercept = 0.8 - 0.007, y-intercept = 0.8 Graph A 4 Graph B Graph C Graph D 1 -0,04 -0,02 0,00 0,02 0,04 1/[Substrate] (uM) (i) Which graph indicates an enzymatic reaction without inhibitor? (ii) Which type of inhibitor is it? Briefly explain. (iii) Which graph indicates the highest concentration of inhibitor? (iv) Calculate the Vmax and Km of the graph showing an enzymatic reaction with the lowest concentration of inhibitor. Show the steps of calculation and unit in your answers. Keep 2 decimal places in your answers. 1/Rate (umol/min)arrow_forwardHow do you use Lineweaver Burk plot to determine the Vmax and Km for both the uninhibited enzyme and the enzyme with “Inhibitor A”?arrow_forwardConsider the given data for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Determine the Vm, Km and the type of inhibition based on the given data below Substrate concentration, uM 30 50 100 300 900 slope y-intercept Complete the table below (include correct units). Experiment A Vm Km Experiment A (Initial velocity without inhibitor, uM-min) Type of Inhibition: 10.4 14.5 22.5 33.8 40.8 Experiment B (Initial velocity with inhibitor, uM-min) 5.1 7.3 13.3 25.7 37.2 Experiment Barrow_forward
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