Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 3DAA
Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) is a genetic disorder in which heart malformations result in abnormal blood circulation, so oxygen does not reach body cells as it should. With insufficient oxygen to accept electrons at the end of miotchondrial electron transfer chains, too many free radicals form. This damages the mitochondria—and the cells. In 2004, Sarah Kuruvilla studied mitochondria in the heart muscle of TF patients. Some of her results are shown in FIGURE 7.13.
| Patient (age) | SPO2(%) | Mitochondrial Abnormalities in TF | |||
| Number | Shape | Size | Broken | ||
| 1(5) | 55 | + | + | − | − |
| 2(3) | 69 | + | + | − | − |
| 3(22) | 72 | + | + | − | − |
| 4(2) | 74 | + | + | − | − |
| 5(3) | 76 | + | + | − | + |
| 6(2.5) | 78 | + | + | − | + |
| 7(1) | 79 | + | + | − | − |
| 8(12) | 80 | + | − | + | − |
| 9(4) | 80 | + | + | − | − |
| 10(B) | 83 | + | − | + | − |
| 11(20) | 85 | + | + | − | − |
| 12(2.5) | 89 | + | − | + | − |
FIGURE 7.13 Mitochondrial changes in tetralogy of Fallot (TF).
(A) Normal heart muscle. Many mitochondria between the fibers provide muscle cells with ATP for contraction. (B) Heart muscle from a person with TF has swollen, broken mitochondria.
(C) Types of mitochondrial abnormalities in TF patients. SPO2 is oxygen saturation of the blood. A normal value of SPO2 is 96%. Abnormalities are marked +.
3. Can you make any correlations between blood oxygen content and mitochondrial abnormalities in these patients?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
. Aerobic respiration, used by the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations?
6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O
C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2O
Intermembrane Space
Protein
Complex
of Electron H
Carriers
ATP
Synthase
Cyt C
NADH
NAD
FADH
FAD
2H + ,0,
H,0
Mitochondrial
Matrix
ADP+
ATP
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
Oxidative Phosphorylation
19- Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a
component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide
poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the
intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What
effect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis?
20. Because they lose their mitochondria
during development, red blood cells cannot
perform aerobic respiration; however, they do
perform glycolysis in the cytoplasm. Why do all
cells need an energy source, and what would
happen if glycolysis were blocked in a red
blood cell?
21. What is the primary difference between a
circular pathway and a linear pathway?
22. How do the roles of ubiquinone and
cytochrome c differ from the roles of the other
components of the electron transport chain?
23. What accounts for the different number of
ATP molecules…
Multiple choice
Ultimately, the goal of cellular respiration is to strip electrons from glucose. These stripped electrons are used to generate the energy in oxidative phosphorylation that is needed to:
-Actively transport H+ into the intermembrane space
-Actively transport NAD+ into the intermembrane space
-Turn on ATP synthase
-Allow H+ to diffuse down its concentration gradient into the mitochondrial matrix
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7 - Is the following statement true or false? Unlike...Ch. 7 - Glycolysis starts and ends in the ___. a. nucleus...Ch. 7 - Which of the following metabolic pathways...Ch. 7 - Which molecule does not form during glycolysis? a....Ch. 7 - Prob. 5SQCh. 7 - Which of the following reaction pathways is not...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7SQCh. 7 - Prob. 8SQCh. 7 - Prob. 9SQCh. 7 - Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Tetralogy of Fallot...
Ch. 7 - Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Tetralogy of Fallot...Ch. 7 - Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Tetralogy of Fallot...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10SQCh. 7 - Most of the energy that aerobic respiration...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12SQCh. 7 - Prob. 13SQCh. 7 - Prob. 14SQCh. 7 - Match the term with the best description. _____...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1CTCh. 7 - As you learned, membranes impermeable to hydrogen...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3CT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The proton-motive force is a measure of the potential energy generated across the mitochondrial inner membrane during electron transport. Explain the factors that constitute this potential energy, that will be converted to the chemical energy of ATP by the cell. 2. The function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in eukaryotic cells is to produce a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. How many protons are taken up from the matrix and transferred or used at each ETC complex?arrow_forwardSonicating a suspension of mitochondria produces submitochondrial particles derived from the innermitochondrial membrane. These membranous vesicles seal inside out, so that the intermembrane space of themitochondria becomes the lumen of the submitochondrial particle. Explain (or diagram) the process of electrontransfer and oxidative phosphorylation in these particles. Assuming all the substrates for oxidativephosphorylation are present in excess, does ATP synthesis increase or decrease with an increase in the pH ofthe fluid in which the submitochondrial particles are suspended? Why?arrow_forward31arrow_forward
- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)arrow_forwardUsing the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forwardMitochondrial Abnormalities in Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) is a genetic disorder in which heart malformations result in abnormal blood circulation, so oxygen does not reach body cells as it should. With insufficient oxygen to accept electrons at the end of miotchondrial electron transfer chains, too many free radicals form. This damages the mitochondriaand the cells. In 2004, Sarah Kuruvilla studied mitochondria in the heart muscle of TF patients. Some of her results are shown in FIGURE 7.13. Patient (age) SPO2(%) Mitochondrial Abnormalities in TF Number Shape Size Broken 1(5) 55 + + 2(3) 69 + + 3(22) 72 + + 4(2) 74 + + 5(3) 76 + + + 6(2.5) 78 + + + 7(1) 79 + + 8(12) 80 + + 9(4) 80 + + 10(B) 83 + + 11(20) 85 + + 12(2.5) 89 + + FIGURE 7.13 Mitochondrial changes in tetralogy of Fallot (TF). (A) Normal heart muscle. Many mitochondria between the fibers provide muscle cells with ATP for contraction. (B) Heart muscle from a person with TF has swollen, broken mitochondria. (C) Types of mitochondrial abnormalities in TF patients. SPO2 is oxygen saturation of the blood. A normal value of SPO2 is 96%. Abnormalities are marked +. 1. In this study, which abnormality was most strongly associated with TF?arrow_forward
- Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) is a genetic disorder in which heart malformations result in abnormal blood circulation, so oxygen does not reach body cells as it should. With insufficient oxygen to accept electrons at the end of miotchondrial electron transfer chains, too many free radicals form. This damages the mitochondriaand the cells. In 2004, Sarah Kuruvilla studied mitochondria in the heart muscle of TF patients. Some of her results are shown in FIGURE 7.13. Patient (age) SPO2(%) Mitochondrial Abnormalities in TF Number Shape Size Broken 1(5) 55 + + 2(3) 69 + + 3(22) 72 + + 4(2) 74 + + 5(3) 76 + + + 6(2.5) 78 + + + 7(1) 79 + + 8(12) 80 + + 9(4) 80 + + 10(B) 83 + + 11(20) 85 + + 12(2.5) 89 + + FIGURE 7.13 Mitochondrial changes in tetralogy of Fallot (TF). (A) Normal heart muscle. Many mitochondria between the fibers provide muscle cells with ATP for contraction. (B) Heart muscle from a person with TF has swollen, broken mitochondria. (C) Types of mitochondrial abnormalities in TF patients. SPO2 is oxygen saturation of the blood. A normal value of SPO2 is 96%. Abnormalities are marked +. 2. What percentage of the TF patients had mitochondria that were abnormal in size?arrow_forwardUsing a generalized terminology (i.e. neither CIII nor CIV specific), explain how complex III and IV act as electron/proton charge separation device (not a proton pump) in mitochondria bioenergetics to create electron potential through the iner mitochondria membranearrow_forwardMON TRANSPORT CHAIN Intermembrane Space 3 ACP Mitochondrial Matrix FADH FAD Copyrighs 0200n Benmin Cummings an impii s Addson identify the importance to keep the electrons (e-) running through the electron transport chain. The electrons move to and join with ADP to form ATP Electron movement causes the body to take in axygen. The electrons will flow through ATP Synthase in order to make ATP The energy of the moving electrons will power the transport of H+ to the intermembrane space. Next Previous 00arrow_forward
- Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP using the reducing power of [NADH, FADH2 or malate] to move electrons down a series of carriers to ultimately produce a [phosphate gradient or protons gradient] across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is used by ATP synthase to make ATP. ATP synthase harnesses the energy stored in both [charge and concentration gradients or electostatic and van der waals interations] to achieve high energy phosphate bond synthesis. If the ion gradient across the inner membrane is dissipated by the expression of UCP1, ATP is not synthesized and [heat is generated or electron transport is blocked]. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is [oxygen or carbon dioxide] with water as a product.arrow_forwardDuring chemiosmosis ATP is synthesized when H + ions move through turnstile like channel of ATP synthase. H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor. energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes. a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space. 2.86 points Save Answerarrow_forwardIn the eukaryotic cells, the endomembrane system Secretory vesidles Preteins syetheslzed for export Esocytosis Golgi Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER O provide additional area where many metabolic processes occur form membranous compartments called organelles determines structures of cells greatly increase a cell's total membrane area facilitates protein synthesis Helps cells to attach to other cellsarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY