Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
- Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the
chemical bonding of covalently bonded molecules and coordination compounds. - It is also known as Lewis dot structures which represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
- The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,
First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
The eight electrons remaining will be distributing in such a way that each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
.
The molecular geometry will be linear because of the presence of two bond pairs around the central atom.
There will be two electron regions in the molecule and hence the electron-region geometry will also be linear.
(b)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a).
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
The twelve electrons remaining will be distributing in such a way that each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
.
The molecular geometry will be angular because of the presence of two bond pairs and one lone pair around the central atom.
There will be three electron regions in the molecule and hence the electron-region geometry will also be triangular planar.
(c)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a).
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
The twelve electrons remaining will be distributing in such a way that each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
The molecular geometry will be angular because of the presence of two bond pairs and one lone pair around the central atom.
There will be three electron regions in the molecule and hence the electron-region geometry will also be triangular planar.
(d)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a).
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
The twelve electrons remaining will be distributing in such a way that each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
.
The molecular geometry will be angular because of the presence of two bond pairs and one lone pair around the central atom.
There will be three electron regions in the molecule and hence the electron-region geometry will also be triangular planar.
(e)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a).
(e)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
The sixteen electrons remaining will be distributing in such a way that each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
.
The molecular geometry will be angular because of the presence of two bond pairs and one lone pair around the central atom.
There will be four electron regions in the molecule and hence the electron-region geometry will be tetrahedral.
The similarity is that two oxygen atoms are bonded to the central atom in all these molecules. But, there are differences in the geometry of the molecules because of the differences in lone pair of electrons around the central atom.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- The elements sodium, aluminum, and chlorine are in the same period.(a) Which has the greatest electronegativity?(b) Which of the atoms is smallest?(c) Write the Lewis structure for the simplest covalent compound that can form between aluminum and chlorine.(d) Will the oxide of each element be acidic, basic, or amphoteric?arrow_forward. For each of the following, draw the Lewis structure, predict the ONO bond angle, and give the hybridization of the nitrogen. You may wish to review the chapters on chemical bonding and advanced theories of covalent bonding for relevant examples. (a) NO2 (b) NO-2arrow_forwardCompounds such as NaBH4, Al(BH4)3, and LiAlH4 are complexhydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses.(a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds.(b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH4, and predict its shape.arrow_forward
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- Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a very soluble salt in water.(a) Draw the Lewis structures of the ammonium and chlorideions. (b) Is there an N—Cl bond in solid ammonium chloride?(c) If you dissolve 14 g of ammonium chloride in 500.0 mLof water, what is the molar concentration of the solution?(d) How many grams of silver nitrate do you need to add tothe solution in part (c) to precipitate all of the chloride as silverchloride?arrow_forward(i) Write the electro-dot structures for sodium, oxygen, and magnesium(ii) Show the formation of Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons(iii) What are the ions present in these compounds?arrow_forwardPlease Write the chemical equations for the following processes in the image below.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning