(a)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
- Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the
chemical bonding of covalently bonded molecules and coordination compounds. - It is also known as Lewis dot structures which represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
- The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,
First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
The molecular geometry will be linear because of the presence of two bond pairs around the central atom.
The molecule is a
(b)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a)
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
The twelve electrons remaining will be distributing among chlorine atoms.
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
The molecular geometry will be tetrahedral because of the presence of four bond pairs.
The central atom is surrounded with four bond pairs and is a
(c)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a)
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
The molecular geometry will be triangular planar because of the presence of three bond pairs.
The central atom is surrounded with three bond pairs and is a
(d)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a)
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
The thirty-six electrons remaining will be distributing among oxygen atoms.
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
The molecular geometry will be octahedral because of the presence of six bond pairs.
The central atom is surrounded with six bond pairs and is a
(e)
Interpretation:
The Lewis electron dot structure for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a)
(e)
Explanation of Solution
Given molecule is
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecule can be determined by first drawing the skeletal structure. Then, the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
Total number of valence electrons is given below:
Total number of electrons in bonds present is given below:
The twenty electrons remaining will be distributing among oxygen atoms.
Therefore, the Lewis structure is given below:
The molecular geometry will be triangular pyramidal because of the presence of three bond pair and one lone pair of electron.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecule: (a) chlorodifluoromethane, CHCIF2 (b) propanoic acid C2H5CO2H (basic structure pictured below) (c) acetonitrile, CH3CN ( the framework is H3C-C-N) (d) allene, H2CCCH2arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures for the following, and include resonance structures where appropriate. Indicate which has the strongest carbon-oxygen bond.(a) CO2(b) COarrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules and ions. In each case, the atoms can be connected in only one way. (a) Br2 (b) H2S (c) N2H4 (d) N2H2 (e) CN- (f) NH4+ (g) N2 (h) O2arrow_forward
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- Predict the molecular geometries and draw Lewis structures for each of the following. (a) IF5(b) I3−(c) PCl5(d) SeF4(e) ClF3arrow_forwardHow many nonbonding pairs (or lone-pairs) of electrons are found on the central atom in the Lewis structure of XeF2 molecule? (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3arrow_forwardCyanogen (CN)2 is known as pseodohalogen because it has some properties like halogens. It is composed of two CN’s joined together.(i) Draw the Lewis structure for all the possible combination for (CN)2.(ii) Calculate the formal charge and determine which one of the structures that you have drawn is most stable.(iii) For the stable structure, determine the geometry around the two central atoms.(iv) For the stable structure, draw the dipole arrows for the bonds.(v) Base on the stable structure, determine the polarity of molecule and state your reason.arrow_forward
- Answer the following questions that relate to the chemistry of nitrogen. (a) Two nitrogen atoms combine to form a nitrogen molecule, as represented by the following equation. 2 N(g) ® N2(g) Using the table of average bond energies below, determine the enthalpy change, AH, for the reaction. Average Bond Energy (k) mol-1) Bond N-N 160 N=N 420 N°N 950 (b) The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is represented below. N2(g) + 3 H2(g)® 2 NH3(g) AH° = -92.2 kJ Predict the sign of the standard entropy change, AS', for the reaction. Justify your answer. (C) The value of AG° for the reaction represented in part (b) is negative at low temperatures but positive at high temperatures. Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules or ions contain polar bonds?(a) O3(b) S8(c) O22−(d) NO3−(e) CO2(f) H2S(g) BH4−arrow_forwardUse VSEPR theory to predict the shape (molecular geometry) of these molecules and draw the Lewis structures] (a) SiF4 (b) OF2 (c) Cl2Oarrow_forward
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