Chapter 6.5, Problem 12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation for given compound has to be identified by using alkene as starting material.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds and donates its electrons to electrophilic compounds that results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature of a molecule depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches the molecule and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds present in a molecule and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

For example consider Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction of alkene. First step is acid donates proton to alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction. Here the water gets added to the carbo cation and finally one proton gets removed from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: It is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation for given compound has to be identified by using alkene as starting material.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds and donates its electrons to electrophilic compounds that results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature of a molecule depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches the molecule and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds present in a molecule and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

For example consider Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction of alkene. First step is acid donates proton to alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction. Here the water gets added to the carbo cation and finally one proton gets removed from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: It is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation for given compound has to be identified by using alkene as starting material.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds and donates its electrons to electrophilic compounds that results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature of a molecule depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches the molecule and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds present in a molecule and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

For example consider Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction of alkene. First step is acid donates proton to alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction. Here the water gets added to the carbo cation and finally one proton gets removed from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: It is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation for given compound has to be identified by using alkene as starting material.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds and donates its electrons to electrophilic compounds that results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature of a molecule depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Electrophilic addition: It is a type of addition reaction in which the pi bond present in the molecule breaks as the electrophile approaches the molecule and results in the formation of product with sigma bond.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds present in a molecule and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

For example consider Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction of alkene. First step is acid donates proton to alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction. Here the water gets added to the carbo cation and finally one proton gets removed from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: It is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.