Chapter 6.2, Problem 9PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The symbols for the elements with valence electronic configuration $s^2{d}^1$ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table has four blocks, s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block. Here, d-block elements are situated in the centre of the periodic table and between s-block and p-block. There are 10 groups present in the periodic table from group 3 to 12.

Explanation of Solution

Chemical symbols of elements with valence electronic configuration $s^2{d}^1$ are Sc, Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu, Ac etc.

Thus, $s^2{d}^1$ electronic configuration is possessed by d-block elements.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Sc}\text{=}4s^{2}3d^1\\ \text{Y}=5s^{2}4d^1\\ \text{La}=6s^{2}5d^1\\ \text{Ce}=6s^{2}4f^{1}5d^1\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Gd}\text{=6}{s}^{2}4f^{7}5d^1\\ \text{Lu}=6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^1\\ \text{Ac}=7s^{2}6d^1\\ \text{Pa}=7s^{2}5f^{2}6d^1\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{l}\text{U}=2s^{2}5f^{3}6d^1\\ \text{Np}=7s^{2}5f^{4}6d^1\\ \text{Cm}=7s^{2}5f^{7}6d^1\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbols for the elements with valence electronic configuration $s^2{p}^3$ need to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table has four blocks, s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block. p-block contains 6 groups, that is, group 13 to 18. This block contains non-metals, metalloids and noble gas.

Answer to Problem 9PP

The chemical symbols of the elements with valence electronic configuration $s^2{p}^3$ are N, P, As, Sb and Bi.

Explanation of Solution

The given valence shell electronic configuration is $s^2{p}^3$. 5 valence electrons present, so, group 15 elements possess this type of configuration. Group 15 elements are Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb) and Bismuth (Bi). Their electronic configuration is shown as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{N=2}{s}^{2}2p^3\\ \text{P=3}{s}^{2}3p^3\\ \text{As=4}{s}^{2}3d^{10}4p^3\\ \text{Sb=5}{s}^{2}4d^{10}5p^3\\ \text{Bi=6}{s}^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^3\end{array}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbols for the elements with valence electronic configuration $s^2{p}^6$ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table has four blocks, s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block. p-block contains 6 groups, that is, group 13 to 18. This block contains non-metals, metalloids and noble gas.

Answer to Problem 9PP

The symbols for the elements with valence electronic configuration $s^2{p}^6$ are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn.

Explanation of Solution

The $s^2{p}^6$ configuration indicates eight valence electrons. The elements which have eight valence electrons are noble gases which belong to 18^th group. The names of noble gases are helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Radon (Rn). Their electronic configurations are shown below.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ne=2}{s}^{2}2p^6\\ \text{Ar=3}{s}^{2}3p^6\\ \text{Kr=4}{s}^{2}3d^{10}5p^6\\ \text{Xe=5}{s}^{2}4d^{10}5p^6\\ \text{Rn=6}{s}^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^6\end{array}$