Chapter 6, Problem 10PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the given alkyl halides, themost likely substitution thattakes place by ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ mechanism is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.

In organic chemistry, nucleophilic substitution reactions thatconsist of unimolecular reactions, two-step mechanism, and carbocation formed as an intermediate are known as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reactions.

The nucleophilic substitutions in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group are known as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reactions.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reactions are unimolecular as the rate of reaction is dependent on the concentration of a single reactant.

In an alkyl halide, the reaction takes place between halogen atoms and alkanes in order to form halogenated hydrocarbons.

The primary carbon atom is the one in which the required carbon atom is attached to only one other carbon atom. It is denoted by $1°$.

The secondary carbon atom is the one in which the required carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms. It is denoted by $2°$.

The tertiary carbon atom is the one in which the required carbon atom is attached to three other carbon atoms. It is denoted by $3°$.

Stability order: $3°$ carbocation >$2°$ carbocation >$1°$ carbocation