Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 6, Problem 5PP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The nucleophilic substitution reaction of trans-1-bromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane with iodide ion using chair conformations is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.

The SN2 reaction occurs in the secondary alkyl halides with the inversion of configuration.

The SN2 reaction takes place in one step. The nucleophile attacks the alkyl halide from the side opposite to the leaving group resulting in the inversion of configuration.

In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same functional groups are present on the same side of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as cis.

If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans.

Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.

Chair conformations: It is the most stable conformation, which accurately shows the spatial arrangement of atoms.

Equatorial bonds are parallel to the average plane of the ring, while axial bonds are perpendicular to the average plane of the ring.

The conformation having bonds at the equatorial positions are more stable than those with bonds at the axial position.

On flipping the cyclohexane ring, axial bonds become equatorial bonds and equatorial bonds becomes axial bond.

Bulkier group acquires equatorial positions to form stable conformer due to steric factors.

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Using chair conformational structures (Section 4.11), show the nucleophilic substitution reaction that would take place when trans-1-bromo-4-tert-butylcyclohexane reacts with iodide ion. (Show the most stable conformation of the reactant and the product.)
Review Problem 5.2 Construct handheld models of the 2-butanols represented in Fig. 5.3 and demonstrate for yourself that they are not mutually superposable. (a) Make similar models of 2-bromo- propane. Are they superposable? (b) Is a molecule of 2-bromopropane chiral? (c) Would you expect to find enantiomeric forms of 2-bromopropane? H но OH H HO HH OH OH HO H CH CH CH C CH CH II II (a) (b) (c) Figure 5.3 (a) Three-dimensional drawings of the 2-butanol enantiomers I and II. (b) Models of the 2-butanol enantiomers. (c) An unsuccessful attempt to superpose models of I and II.
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