Chapter 4.2, Problem 44E

To determine

To explain how confounding makes it unreasonable to conclude that people will live healthier lives if they increase their GPA, based on the study.

Explanation of Solution

A study of Pamela Herd of the University found a link between high school grades and the health. In this study, we will compare the effect of health of children on the score of standardized tests.

A possible lurking variable is the type of university because private schools tend to have better resources than public schools. Moreover, people who tends to send their children to private schools tend to be wealthier and the obviously are good in their health which in respect have good grades in the school. And they also tend to be intelligent and which in turn concludes that they have a better score than others. Thus, there is a confounding possible between the grades and the health.