
(a)
Interpretation: The difference between the species reduced and the reducing agent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Any
(b)
Interpretation:The difference between the species oxidized and the oxidizing agent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Any redox reaction always involves oxidation of one species and reduction of the other. The species which gets oxidized gives up electrons and the species which gets reduced takes up electrons. The oxidation of any species is also characterized by increment in its oxidation state whereas reduction of any species is characterized by decrement in its oxidation state.
(c)
Interpretation: The difference between oxidation state and actual charge is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Actual charge is the term implied to show charge which develops on atoms in ionic compounds via electron exchange or transfer. The actual charge developed on taking up electrons is negative and the actual charge developed on giving up electrons is positive. Whereas, the term implied for covalent compounds is oxidations state which denotes hypothetical charge generated considering compound to be ionic.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemical Principles
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