
(a)
Interpretation: The difference between the species reduced and the reducing agent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Any
(b)
Interpretation:The difference between the species oxidized and the oxidizing agent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Any redox reaction always involves oxidation of one species and reduction of the other. The species which gets oxidized gives up electrons and the species which gets reduced takes up electrons. The oxidation of any species is also characterized by increment in its oxidation state whereas reduction of any species is characterized by decrement in its oxidation state.
(c)
Interpretation: The difference between oxidation state and actual charge is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Actual charge is the term implied to show charge which develops on atoms in ionic compounds via electron exchange or transfer. The actual charge developed on taking up electrons is negative and the actual charge developed on giving up electrons is positive. Whereas, the term implied for covalent compounds is oxidations state which denotes hypothetical charge generated considering compound to be ionic.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemical Principles
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- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the curved arrows to draw the intermediate and product of this hydrohalogenation reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Br Select to Draw 51°F Sunny esc F1 HBr Select to Draw 1,2-hydride shift Br Select to Draw Q Search F2 F3 F4 1 2 # # 3 DII L F5 F6 F tA $ % Λarrow_forwardplease help i cant find the article to even startarrow_forwardWhat are the missing reagents for the spots labeled 1 and 3? Please give a detailed explanation and include the drawings and show how the synthesis proceeds with the reagents.arrow_forward
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