Chapter 4, Problem 4.93P

In 1997 and 2009, at United Nations conferences on climate change, many nations agreed to expand their research efforts to develop renewable sources of carbon-based fuels. For more than a quarter century, Brazil has been engaged in a program to replace gasoline with ethanol derived from the root crop manioc (cassava).

1. Write separate balanced equations for the complete combustion of ethanol ${\text{(C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{OH)}$ and of gasoline (represented by the formula ${\text{(C}}_{\text{8}}{\text{H}}_{\text{18}}\text{)}\text{.}$ What mass of oxygen is required to burn completely 1.00 L of a mixture that is 90.0% gasoline $\text{(d = 0}\text{.742 g/mL) and 10}\text{.0\% ethanol (d = 0}\text{.789 g/mL)}$ by volume?
2. If 1.00 mol of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ occupies 22.4 L, what volume of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ is needed to burn 1.00 L of the mixture?
3. Air is 20.9% ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ by volume. What volume of air is needed to burn 1.00 L of the mixture?