
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The
Concept Introduction: A reaction is said to be a redox reaction if both oxidation and reduction takes place. In the reduction oxidation state of the atom decreases and in oxidation, the oxidation state of the atom increases.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The given two reactions are as follows:
(1)
(2)
In reaction (1), on the reactant side, the oxidation state of H and Cl in HCl is +1 and -1 respectively. The oxidation state of Fe and O in
Now, in the product side, the oxidation state of Fe and Cl in
Since, there is no change in any oxidation state of element thus, it is not a redox reaction.
In reaction (2), in the reactant side, the oxidation state of H and Cl in HCl is +1 and -1 respectively. The oxidation state of Fe is 0.
In the product side, the oxidation state of Fe and Cl in
Now, oxidation number of Fe increases from 0 to +2 and that of H is decreased from +1 to 0 thus, reaction (2) is a redox reaction.
(b)
Interpretation: The mass of
Concept Introduction: The number of moles can be calculated as follows:
Here, m is mass and M is molar mass.
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The equation for the washing steel in hydrochloric acid is represented as follows:
The concentration of HCl is 3 M and volume is
From the above equation, 6 mol of HCl required 1 mol of
The molar mass of
Thus, mass of
Also, 6 moles of HCl produces 2 mol of
Now, molar mass of
(c)
Interpretation: The mass of Fe lost and FeCl2 produced needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: The number of moles can be calculated as follows:
Here, m is mass and M is molar mass.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The reaction (2) is as follows:
2 mol of HCl reacts with 1 mol of Fe thus, number of moles of Fe reacting with given number of moles of HCl will be:
Molar mass of Fe is 55.845 g/mol thus, mass of Fe will be:
Here, 2 mol of HCl gives 1 mol of
Molar mass of
(d)
Interpretation: The mass ratio of FeCl2 and FeCl3 needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: The number of moles can be calculated as follows:
Here, m is mass and M is molar mass.
(d)

Explanation of Solution
The equation for the washing steel in hydrochloric acid is represented as follows:
Let the mass of
The molar mass of
The second reaction is as follows:
The mass of Fe is 0.280 g. thus, number of moles will be:
From chemical reaction, 1 mol of Fe gives 1 mol of
Molar mass of
Thus, the mass ratio of
Thus, the mass ratio is 0.313.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles of General Chemistry
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