Chapter 4, Problem 4.19QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The group number of the given elements on the periodic table should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

• In the transition elements contains either d subshells which are incomplete or that readily lose electrons to get incomplete d subshell and have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{nd}}^{\text{(1-10)}}\left(\text{n}-\text{1}\right){\text{s}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$.
• The representative elements contain the elements from groups 1A through 7A. Groups 1A, 2A have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{ns}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$ where the outer electronic configuration of 3A to 7A is ${\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}{\text{np}}^{\left(\text{1-5}\right)}$.
• Group 1A has only 1 electron in the s subshell whereas group 5A has 3 electrons in the p subshell. For group 8B or 8, it has 6 electrons in the d subshell.

To find: group number of the given ground-state electron configuration on the periodic table.

Given ground-state electron configurations

${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^1$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The group number of the given elements on the periodic table should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

• In the transition elements contains either d subshells which are incomplete or that readily lose electrons to get incomplete d subshell and have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{nd}}^{\text{(1-10)}}\left(\text{n}-\text{1}\right){\text{s}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$.
• The representative elements contain the elements from groups 1A through 7A. Groups 1A, 2A have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{ns}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$ where the outer electronic configuration of 3A to 7A is ${\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}{\text{np}}^{\left(\text{1-5}\right)}$.
• Group 1A has only 1 electron in the s subshell whereas group 5A has 3 electrons in the p subshell. For group 8B or 8, it has 6 electrons in the d subshell.

To find: group number of the given element on the periodic table.

Given ground-state electron configurations

${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^{\text{10}}{\text{4p}}^{\text{3}}$

(c) Interpretation: The group number of the given elements on the periodic table should be determined.

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

• In the transition elements contains either d subshells which are incomplete or that readily lose electrons to get incomplete d subshell and have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{nd}}^{\text{(1-10)}}\left(\text{n}-\text{1}\right){\text{s}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$.
• The representative elements contain the elements from groups 1A through 7A. Groups 1A, 2A have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{ns}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$ where the outer electronic configuration of 3A to 7A is ${\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}{\text{np}}^{\left(\text{1-5}\right)}$.
• Group 1A has only 1 electron in the s subshell whereas group 5A has 3 electrons in the p subshell. For group 8B or 8, it has 6 electrons in the d subshell.

To find: group number of the given element on the periodic table.

Given ground-state electron configurations

${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{3}}$

(d) Interpretation: The group number of the given elements on the periodic table should be determined.

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

• In the transition elements contains either d subshells which are incomplete or that readily lose electrons to get incomplete d subshell and have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{nd}}^{\text{(1-10)}}\left(\text{n}-\text{1}\right){\text{s}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$.
• The representative elements contain the elements from groups 1A through 7A. Groups 1A, 2A have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{ns}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$ where the outer electronic configuration of 3A to 7A is ${\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}{\text{np}}^{\left(\text{1-5}\right)}$.
• Group 1A has only 1 electron in the s subshell whereas group 5A has 3 electrons in the p subshell. For group 8B or 8, it has 6 electrons in the d subshell.

To find: group number of the given element on the periodic table.

Given ground-state electron configurations

${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^6$