
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Ground-state electronic configuration of the given set of ions has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- Electronic configuration is the arrangement of the electrons of atoms in the orbital. For atoms and ions the electronic configuration are written by using Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule.
- According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital.
- According to Hund’s rule, the orbital in the subshell is filled singly by one electron before the same orbital is doubly filled. When the orbitals is singly filled, all the electrons have same spin. In a doubly filled orbital, there are two electrons with opposite spin.
- Half-filled orbitals are comparatively stable as completely filled orbitals. Therefore, if there is a possibility of forming half-filled orbital then the electron will be moved to the respective orbitals giving rise to more stability.
- When ions are formed from the atoms the electrons are added or removed from the outermost orbital.
To write: Ground-state electronic configuration for the given ions,
(a)

Answer to Problem 4.69QP
Answer
The ground-state electronic configuration of (a) is
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
(b)
Interpretation: Ground-state electronic configuration of the given set of ions has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- Electronic configuration is the arrangement of the electrons of atoms in the orbital. For atoms and ions the electronic configuration are written by using Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule.
- According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital.
- According to Hund’s rule, the orbital in the subshell is filled singly by one electron before the same orbital is doubly filled. When the orbitals is singly filled, all the electrons have same spin. In a doubly filled orbital, there are two electrons with opposite spin.
- Half-filled orbitals are comparatively stable as completely filled orbitals. Therefore, if there is a possibility of forming half-filled orbital then the electron will be moved to the respective orbitals giving rise to more stability.
- When ions are formed from the atoms the electrons are added or removed from the outermost orbital.
To write: Ground-state electronic configuration for the given ions,
(b)

Answer to Problem 4.69QP
Answer
The ground-state electronic configuration of (b) is
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
(c)
Interpretation: Ground-state electronic configuration of the given set of ions has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- Electronic configuration is the arrangement of the electrons of atoms in the orbital. For atoms and ions the electronic configuration are written by using Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule.
- According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital.
- According to Hund’s rule, the orbital in the subshell is filled singly by one electron before the same orbital is doubly filled. When the orbitals is singly filled, all the electrons have same spin. In a doubly filled orbital, there are two electrons with opposite spin.
- Half-filled orbitals are comparatively stable as completely filled orbitals. Therefore, if there is a possibility of forming half-filled orbital then the electron will be moved to the respective orbitals giving rise to more stability.
- When ions are formed from the atoms the electrons are added or removed from the outermost orbital.
To write: Ground-state electronic configuration for the given ions,
(c)

Answer to Problem 4.69QP
Answer
The ground-state electronic configuration of (c) is
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
(d)
Interpretation: Ground-state electronic configuration of the given set of ions has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- Electronic configuration is the arrangement of the electrons of atoms in the orbital. For atoms and ions the electronic configuration are written by using Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule.
- According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital.
- According to Hund’s rule, the orbital in the subshell is filled singly by one electron before the same orbital is doubly filled. When the orbitals is singly filled, all the electrons have same spin. In a doubly filled orbital, there are two electrons with opposite spin.
- Half-filled orbitals are comparatively stable as completely filled orbitals. Therefore, if there is a possibility of forming half-filled orbital then the electron will be moved to the respective orbitals giving rise to more stability.
- When ions are formed from the atoms the electrons are added or removed from the outermost orbital.
To write: Ground-state electronic configuration for the given ions,
(d)

Answer to Problem 4.69QP
Answer
The ground-state electronic configuration of (d) is
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
(e)
Interpretation: Ground-state electronic configuration of the given set of ions has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- Electronic configuration is the arrangement of the electrons of atoms in the orbital. For atoms and ions the electronic configuration are written by using Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule.
- According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital.
- According to Hund’s rule, the orbital in the subshell is filled singly by one electron before the same orbital is doubly filled. When the orbitals is singly filled, all the electrons have same spin. In a doubly filled orbital, there are two electrons with opposite spin.
- Half-filled orbitals are comparatively stable as completely filled orbitals. Therefore, if there is a possibility of forming half-filled orbital then the electron will be moved to the respective orbitals giving rise to more stability.
- When ions are formed from the atoms the electrons are added or removed from the outermost orbital.
To write: Ground-state electronic configuration for the given ions,
(e)

Answer to Problem 4.69QP
Answer
The ground-state electronic configuration of (e) is
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
(f)
Interpretation: Ground-state electronic configuration of the given set of ions has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- Electronic configuration is the arrangement of the electrons of atoms in the orbital. For atoms and ions the electronic configuration are written by using Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule.
- According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital.
- According to Hund’s rule, the orbital in the subshell is filled singly by one electron before the same orbital is doubly filled. When the orbitals is singly filled, all the electrons have same spin. In a doubly filled orbital, there are two electrons with opposite spin.
- Half-filled orbitals are comparatively stable as completely filled orbitals. Therefore, if there is a possibility of forming half-filled orbital then the electron will be moved to the respective orbitals giving rise to more stability.
- When ions are formed from the atoms the electrons are added or removed from the outermost orbital.
To write: Ground-state electronic configuration for the given ions,
(f)

Answer to Problem 4.69QP
Answer
The ground-state electronic configuration of (f) is
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
(g)
Interpretation: Ground-state electronic configuration of the given set of ions has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- Electronic configuration is the arrangement of the electrons of atoms in the orbital. For atoms and ions the electronic configuration are written by using Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule.
- According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital.
- According to Hund’s rule, the orbital in the subshell is filled singly by one electron before the same orbital is doubly filled. When the orbitals is singly filled, all the electrons have same spin. In a doubly filled orbital, there are two electrons with opposite spin.
- Half-filled orbitals are comparatively stable as completely filled orbitals. Therefore, if there is a possibility of forming half-filled orbital then the electron will be moved to the respective orbitals giving rise to more stability.
- When ions are formed from the atoms the electrons are added or removed from the outermost orbital.
To write: Ground-state electronic configuration for the given ions,
(g)

Answer to Problem 4.69QP
Answer
The ground-state electronic configuration of (g) is
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
(h)
Interpretation: Ground-state electronic configuration of the given set of ions has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
- Electronic configuration is the arrangement of the electrons of atoms in the orbital. For atoms and ions the electronic configuration are written by using Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule.
- According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons having the same spin can occupy the same orbital.
- According to Hund’s rule, the orbital in the subshell is filled singly by one electron before the same orbital is doubly filled. When the orbitals is singly filled, all the electrons have same spin. In a doubly filled orbital, there are two electrons with opposite spin.
- Half-filled orbitals are comparatively stable as completely filled orbitals. Therefore, if there is a possibility of forming half-filled orbital then the electron will be moved to the respective orbitals giving rise to more stability.
- When ions are formed from the atoms the electrons are added or removed from the outermost orbital.
To write: Ground-state electronic configuration for the given ions,
(h)

Answer to Problem 4.69QP
Answer
The ground-state electronic configuration of (h) is
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
The electronic configuration of
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
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- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
